Introduction
Figure 1.1 Prostate It is a male organ that is located in front of the rectum and below the bladder. It is formed of cells specialized in the production of…
ONCOLOGY
Prostatitis—Pelvic Pain
Figure 5.1 Prostatitis Type I Prostatitis In general, this is an infection of the prostate appearing suddenly, that is, in an acute manner, caused by bacteria present in the urine….
How to Get a Second Opinion
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015René Sotelo, Juan Arriaga, Raed A. Azhar and Inderbir S. Gill (eds.)Prostate Cancer10.1007/978-3-319-05600-5_8 8. How to Get a Second Opinion René Sotelo1 and Rafael Andrés Clavijo Rodríguez2 (1) Department of Urology, Instituto Medico La Floresta, Anexo…
Molecular Pathology of HER Family of Oncogenes in Breast Cancer: HER-2 Evaluation and Role in Targeted Therapy
Fig. 9.1 Signaling by ErbB homodimers in comparison with ErbB2-containing heterodimers. Receptors are shown as two lobes connected by a transmembrane stretch. Binding of a ligand (EGF-like or NRG) to the…
Molecular Features of Mesenchymal Tumors of the Breast
Lesion Immunohistochemistry Molecular characteristics Nodular fasciitis Pos: SMA, MSA, vimentin, calponin and desmin (rare) Deletion of chromosome 2 and 13, der(15), t(2; 15)(q31; q26), tetraploidy and del (6), gains of…
Role of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer
Fig. 13.1 MicroRNA processing and the RISC complex. The gene encoding the microRNA is transcribed to produce a pri-miRNA which is cleaved by DROSHA to produce a pre-miRNA. The pre-miRNA is…
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Subtypes with Clinical Implications
TNBC Subtype Immunohistochemistry Molecular characteristics Adenoid cystic carcinoma ER−/PR−/HER2− in >90 % C-KIT+, P63+, EGFR+HCM−, calponin—Ki67 low, TP53—low Topo IIα expression t(6, 9)(q22–23;p23–24) MYB-NFIB fusion gene No EGFR gene amplification No…
Molecular Basis of Breast Cancer Imaging
Fig. 1.1 Picture of a molecular breast imaging system. Courtesy of Jason Koshnitsky, Gamma Medica, Inc., Salem, NH Indications The indications for performance of a BSGI study include high-risk surveillance, alternative…
The Molecular Pathology of Male Breast Cancer
Fig. 18.1 This four-panel set of photomicrograph shows the histology displayed in sections of 4 distinct male breast cancers and demonstrates morphological heterogeneity in these tumours. All ×400 Gene expression studies…
Familial Breast Cancer and Genetic Predisposition in Breast Cancer
Gene Chromosomal location Function Mode of inheritance Lifetime risk of developing breast cancer Other major cancer risk Clinical syndrome association TP53 17p13.1 Regulates expression of many genes by anti-proliferative mechanisms…
