Figure 27-1 A, Homogeneously stained regions and, B,double-minute chromosomes in neuroblastoma. The clinical stage and age of onset are highly significant independent prognostic variables. For example, a unique presentation of…
Figure 45-1 Paul Ehrlich: birth of targeted therapy, 1911. For the next 40 years, great progress was made in developing additional chemotherapeutic anticancer agents. Two approaches were used. The first…
AML, Acute myeloid leukemia. ∗ Determined among 1311 patients with de novo AML enrolled onto Study 8461 of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. † Partial tandem duplication of the…
Figure 59-1 Immunohistochemistry (A) (1) An antibody specific for a particular protein, phosphate, sulfate, carbohydrate, or other moiety is allowed to bind to the tissue section. (2) A secondary “anti-antibody”…
Figure 7-1 Chemical structures of selected carcinogens. Causes of Cancer Epidemiology and Causal Criteria The landmark findings of Kennaway, Avery, Hershey, Chase, and others in the early part of the…
Figure 23-1 PCR and capillary sequencing of exons A generalized workflow is shown for the PCR-based amplification of specific exons in the human genome, their sequencing, and separation of the…
Figure 56-1 Hsp90 function is required for the establishment and maintenance of each of the eight hallmarks of cancer. Importantly, Hsp90 function is also critical for cancer cells to survive…
Figure 57-1 Actions of cytokine/growth factors binding to their receptors on the cell surface Cytokines and growth factors are the messengers that mediate intercellular communication. The regulation of cellular and…
Figure 48-1 The traditional “3 + 3” Phase I clinical trial design. The initial 3-patient cohort begins at a predefined dose. If no DLTs are observed, escalation to the next…
