Fig. 2.1 Differentiation pathways of tumor-associated myeloid cells. Myeloid cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the bone marrow. Here the networks that give rise to the various myeloid…
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015Nima Rezaei (ed.)Cancer Immunology10.1007/978-3-662-44006-3_1 1. Introduction on Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Nima Rezaei1, 2 , Seyed Hossein Aalaei-Andabili3, 4 and Howard L. Kaufman5 (1) Department of Immunology, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center…
Fig. 1 A multireceptor model for HTLV-1 entry. HSPG = heparan sulfate proteoglycans; SU = the subunit of HTLV-1 envelope glycoprotein; NRP-1 = neuropilin-1; GLUT-1 = glucose transporter 1; CTD = C-terminal domain; RBD = receptor-binding domain; PRR = proline-rich region. This drawing is modified…
Fig. 1 The hepatitis B virus genome and the covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). The viral genome (left panel) is made of two linear DNA strands maintained in circular configuration by…
Fig. 1 ER-localized interactions and activities of vIL-6 in latently infected PEL cells. In the context of PEL latency, vIL-6 is expressed at low but functional levels and is largely sequestered…
Virus Cancer sites with sufficient evidence Cancer sites with limited evidence Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, immune suppression-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma, extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (nasal type), Hodgkin’s lymphoma…
Fig. 1 The structure of hepatitis C virus genome. The HCV genome RNA encodes a polyprotein of 3,010 a.a., which is processed into structural and non-structural proteins by the cellular or…
Risk factors High risk/low risk References Viral factors 1. HBsAg Positive/negative = 66/1 Beasley et al. (1981) 2. HBeAg in HBsAg-positive persons Positive/negative = 60/10 Yang et al. (2002) 3. HBV DNA level…
Type Advantage Disadvantage Developmental stage References Live vector-based Highly immunogenic customizable Vector-specific neutralizing antibodies or pre-existing vector-specific immunity, safety concerns, flu-like adverse effects ADXS11-001 in phase II Trial Maciag et…
Virus a Cancer type b Antiviral therapy c HBV HCC Interferons (Interferon-α and pegylated interferon-α2a) Nucleos(t)ide analogues (Lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, telbivudine, and tenofovir) HCV HCC Peglyated interferon plus ribavirin …
