• Prostate cancer cells usually grow more slowly than many other malignancies, thus allowing time for the elicitation of effective immune responses able to translate into clinical benefit • Biochemically…

Clinical phenotype Implications Pattern of spread Non-metastatic biochemical recurrence with options for observation, salvage radiation therapy, or hormone therapy Prognostic for survival In order of worsening survival: lymph node-only metastases > bone…

Fig. 20.1 The mechanism of histone acetylation and deacetylation. The modifications of histones are able to regulate gene transcription. Histone acetylase (HAT) adds acetyl groups onto the lysine tail of…

Fig. 11.1 Periodic table For the bone-targeted radiopharmaceuticals such as Sm-153 EDTMP, strontium-89 (Sr-89), radium-223 (Ra-223), and phosphorus-32 (P-32), as well as the bisphosphonates, bone targeting occurs via hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH)…

Fig. 18.1 The principle of synthetic lethality applied to cancer medicine. While the loss of either PARP or BRCA function independently does not compromise the ability of the cell to…

Fig. 1.1 Management-based dynamic progression of prostate cancer and the mCRPC state. ADT androgen deprivation treatment Fig. 1.2 Survival of metastatic prostate cancer patients diagnosed in the context of a…

PROM name Use What has it shown? Comment Authors or reference General PROMs Medical outcomes study short-form health survey (SF-36 and SF-12) Studies of populations with multiple diseases Hard to…

Fig. 6.1 The androgen receptor pathway and novel targeted agents The activated AR can also function as a transcription repressor through its antagonistic interaction with transcription factors (e.g., specificity protein…

Persistent AR signaling Stress response pathways Signaling pathways Developmental pathways AR, N-Terminal AR, co-factors LSD-1 and BF3 Hsp27, CLU, autophagy, Hsp90, p38 MAPK PI3K/Akt, MAPK, JNK, NF-κB, CCL2, MET, src…

Castrate-resistant a prostate carcinoma with at least 1 of the following: C1. Histologic evidence of small-cell prostate carcinoma (pure or mixed) C2. Exclusively visceral metastases C3. Radiographically predominant lytic bone…