© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Gokhan Ozyigit and Ugur Selek (eds.)Principles and Practice of Urooncologyhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56114-1_6 6. Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer Mehmet Ali Nahit Şendur1 and Sercan Aksoy2 (1) Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University,…
Fig. 7.1 A model of PCa progression. PCa starts as a localized tumor. In its natural progression, it typically metastasizes to the lymph nodes and then the bone, producing bone-forming…
Fig. 9.1 Biomarker Classification. Adapted from Mishra A, Verma M. Cancer biomarkers: are we ready for the prime time? Cancers. 2010;2(1):190–208. doi:10.3390/cancers2010190 DNA Biomarkers The most fundamental event in the…
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Yuzhuo Wang, Dong Lin and Peter W. Gout (eds.)Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Human Cancer Molecular and Translational Medicine10.1007/978-3-319-55825-7_1 1. Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts: Historical Background Dong Lin1, 2, 3 , Xinya Wang1, Peter W. Gout4, 3 and…
Fig. 2.1 Overview of the main steps in establishing PDXs. Step 1: High-quality patient specimens are obtained from various stages of cancer progression, from benign tissue to metastases, using a…
Fig. 5.1 Efficacy study of S-1 in four gastric PDX models. a and b show that GAPF155 and GAPF157 were sensitive to S-1; c and d show that GAPF161 and…
Fig. 4.1 Overturning the aspiration needle and tapping the material on the slide can often facilitate removal of partially clotted specimen in the needle hub Once a small amount of…
Fig. 13.1 (a) Lymph node groups in the neck. From Fialkowski EA, Moley JF. Current approaches to medullary thyroid carcinoma, sporadic, and familial. (b) Specimen from a patient following central…
Fig. 19.1 A 40-year-old female with papillary thyroid carcinoma and positive nodal metastases on dissection. TBI (a) with SPECT (b) showing uptake in the neck, which localizes to the thyroid…
Fig. 9.1 Ultrasound, right transverse Fig. 9.2 Ultrasound, lymph node Fig. 9.3 CT showing right thyroid mass Fig. 9.4 CT He underwent a total thyroidectomy, central neck dissection, and right…
