Diagnosis Cytogenetic change Molecular change Additional changes Chronic myeloid leukemia t(9;22)(q34;q11) 210KD BCR-ABL   CML-AP/BP t(9;22)(q34;q11) 210KD BCR-ABL +8, +Ph, +19, i(17q), t(3;21)(q26;q22) Polycythemia vera  JAK2V617F (>90%) +8, +9, del(20q),…

Fig. 37.1 Epidermal growth factor receptor structural and functional domains . (a) Schematic representation of EGFR sequence. L and CR, ligand-binding and cysteine-rich domains, TM transmembrane domain, TK tyrosine kinase…

Fig. 10.1 In cell culture systems, cellular senescence is described as a decrease in proliferative capacity and eventual cessation of proliferation with increasing number of population doublings (PDs). This property…

Fig. 12.1 Hallmarks of cancer in the tumor progression continuum. The indicated phenotypes along the tumor progression continuum do (+), do not (−), or sometimes (+/−) involve the indicated properties…

Fig. 36.1 Schematic representation of target-based drug discovery and development process . Drug discovery process typically begins with the identification and the validation of the target in vitro and in…

Fig. 24.1 Nucleotide excision repair and the DNA damage response from radiation and chemicals, oncogene driven replication and virus infections. Adapted with modifications from ref. [33]. The DDR has been…

Fig. 14.1 Effect of allele frequency and relative risk on the required sample size to generate 90 % power to show significant associations (P = 0.01) for co-dominant susceptibility alleles,…

Fig. 41.1 Activating mutations in K-Ras occurring early on during pancreatic cancer development lead to higher proliferating rates of affected cells. While this may trigger the cell surveillance system that…

Fig. 4.1 Early chromosome analysis and molecular cytogenetics. (a) Photograph of Theodor Boveri (1862–1915). Boveri was a professor of zoology in Würzburg, Germany. Combining his theory that chromosomes carry genetic…

Fig. 16.1 Graphical display of the most common epigenetic changes in CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes and DNA repeats in normal and cancer cells. 16.3 Technical Approaches to Detect…