This article reviews translational research in endocrine surgery, with a focus on disorders of the thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, and endocrine pancreas. Discovery of genes responsible for heritable endocrine cancer syndromes…
The development of colorectal cancer is characterized by a multitude of molecular events that can occur through the pathways of loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, and CpG-island methylation. The accumulation…
The identification of the intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer has enhanced our understanding of tumor biology, informing therapeutic targets, and clinical trial design. This article reviews the intrinsic classification…
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are unique tumors, arising largely due to oncogenic mutations in KIT or PDGFRA tyrosine kinases. Although surgery remains the most effective treatment, the remarkable clinical success…
Recent breakthroughs in the fundamental understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of melanoma have culminated in new therapies with unquestionable efficacy. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy strategies have completely transformed…
Better understanding of the underlying principles of tumor biology and immunology, enhanced by recent insights into the mechanisms of immune recognition, regulation, and tumor escape has provided new approaches for…
This article summarizes data on translational studies to target the p53 pathway in cancer. It describes the functions of the p53 and Mdm-2 signaling pathways, and discusses current therapeutic approaches…
Most NF-κB inhibitors target the IKK complex, IκB proteins, or NF-κB transcription factors. The most promising classes of inhibitors include antioxidants, antiinflammatory compounds, natural compounds, statins, proteasome inhibitors, IKKβ inhibitors,…
Tyrosine kinase (TK) cascades are involved in all stages of tumorigenesis through modulation of transformation and differentiation, cell-cycle progression, and motility. Advances in molecular targeted drug development allow the design…
The elucidation of the heat shock response (HSR) as a mediator of cellular stress has created a framework for understanding how these processes may promote tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the identification of…
