Fig. 13.1 Four phenotypes (I–IV) of host response to a tumor (adapted from [10]) Using immunohistochemistry, the cell types of these immune infiltrates can be defined: quantitatively, the most abundant…

Fig. 17.1 Sites of IDO/TDO expression and action in cancer. Expression of IDO1, IDO2, and TDO documented in various cells in the tumor microenvironment (including metastatic sites) and in tumor-draining…

Fig. 30.1 Margins used in radiation treatment. GTV gross tumor volume, CTV clinical target volume, PTV planning target volume One rapidly evolving area is in the treatment of patients with…

Fig. 28.1 The central tenants of induction of an in situ immune response to tumor antigen. First is a stimulus causing immunogenic cell death, which leads for resident or recruited…

Fig. 10.1 Origin of MDSCs. In the bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) differentiate into common myeloid progenitor (CMP) followed by granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (GMP), which give rise to immature myeloid…

Fig. 38.1 Key time points in the discovery and development of immuno-oncology drugs for the treatment of hematologic cancers 38.2.1 The Famous CD20 Story Overcoming the barriers of xenogeneic immunogenicity…

Fig. 4.1 Strategies to identify mutant epitopes from transformed cells, CSF: cerebrospinal fluid 4.2 Antigen Processing and Presentation in Cancer In order to gain an understanding of the dynamics driving…

Fig. 19.1 Melanoma cells localized next to CD8+ T cells express PD-L1. Immunohistochemistry staining of a melanoma lymph node lesion for CD8 (brown color), labeling T cells, and PD-L1 (red…

Fig. 6.1 Regulatory T cells (Tregs) limit self-directed immune responses but also suppress antitumor immunity and clearance of chronic viral infections. Tregs are essential for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance…

Fig. 16.1 NK cell-based therapies. (a). NK cells are purified from the peripheral blood of a healthy donor and activated in vitro with cytokines (IL-2 or IL-15) before being injected…