Nonurothelial Bladder Cancer and Rare Variant Histologies
At present, radical cystectomy is a mainstay in the management of all bladder cancers, whether of conventional urothelial histology or variant. However, in the case of some variants, it is…
HEMATOLOGY
High-Risk Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Please also verify that the expansion of HGT1 is OK as set: The risk of progression for high-grade T1 (HGT1) cancer has been recently established at 21% using updated information…
Management of Low-risk and Intermediate-risk Non–Muscle-invasive Bladder Carcinoma
Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a highly recurrent disease. The health care costs for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer are a major burden for society. Bladder cancer treatment starts with a presumed complete…
Diagnosis and Staging of Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a heterogeneous disease with a variable natural history. Most patients (70%) present with superficial tumors (stages Ta, T1, or carcinoma in situ). However, 3 out of…
Molecular Biology of Bladder Cancer
Classic as well as more recent large-scale genomic analyses have uncovered multiple genes and pathways important for bladder cancer development. Genes involved in cell-cycle control, chromatin regulation, and receptor tyrosine…
Epidemiology of bladder cancer
Bladder cancer incidence is higher in old men, shows geographic variation, and is mostly an environmental disease. Cigarette smoking, occupational exposures, water arsenic, Schistosoma haematobium infestation, and some medications are…
Bladder Cancer
Joaquim Bellmunt, MD, PhD, Editor After very little advancement in the last two decades, bladder cancer is back in the spotlight with the advent of new immunotherapy approaches and the…
Current and Future Pharmacologic Complement Inhibitors
The availability of anticomplement therapies has been a major achievement for medicine in the last decade. Indeed, eculizumab has changed the treatment paradigm of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and atypical hemolytic…
Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) have evolved from rare, fulminant childhood afflictions to uncommon diseases with acute and chronic phases involving both children and adults….
