Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Procedure and Outcomes
Fig. 7.1 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass History of Gastric Bypass The origins of the gastric bypass operation date back to the 1960s and the contributions of Dr. Mason. While searching for…
ENDOCRINOLOGY
The Doctor’s Tool Kit: Pharmacotherapy for the Patient with Obesity
Generic name and year of approval Trade name(s) Dosage DEA schedule Pancreatic lipase inhibitor approved by FDA for long-term use Orlistat Xenical 120 mg three times daily before meals Not scheduled…
The Impact of Estrogen Receptor α Expression in the Pathogenesis of the Metabolic Syndrome
Fig. 6.1 Schematic overview of the chapter discussion pertaining to the role of estrogen receptor (ER) α action in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis and insulin action for the protection…
The Contribution of Ovarian Hormones to the Cellular Regulation of Lipid Metabolism
Fig. 4.1 Body weight and visceral adipose tissue mass are greater in sedentary OVX mice compared to age-matched sham mice. Increasing the cage activity of the OVX mice through access…
Novel Findings in Bone Biology: Impact on Bone Health for Women
Fig. 2.1 Short-term protection observed at 4 weeks against loss of cancellous bone mass in rats achieving reduced energy availability with exercise and dietary energy restriction (ER) disappears after 12…
Estrogen Effects on Skeletal Muscle
Fig. 3.1 Groups of male mice ranging in age from 4 to 6 months were studied. Control mice (CON, n = 11) were hormonally intact while those in the aromatase knockout (ARKO,…
Metabolic Health in the Aging Female: Human Perspective
Fig. 7.1 Relationship between mid-thigh low-density lean tissue and insulin sensitivity, M/I (r = −0.33, P = 0.05) in African American and Caucasian women In the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study, healthy early postmenopausal…
Transitions Across a Lifetime: Unique Cardiovascular Physiology of Women and Relationship to Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Female Male Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Coronary artery dissection of pregnancy “hot flashes” of menopause Pulmonary hypertension Raynaud’s disease Microvascular angina Migraine Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) Heart failure with…
Estrogen, Cardiac Protection and Aging
Fig. 9.1 Diagram summarizes known effects of aging and estrogen on HSPs and inflammatory stimuli in the heart. Dashed line—E2 effects; solid line—aging effects; arrow—stimulated; blunted line—inhibition Although estrogen loss…
The Role of Estrogens in the Regulation of Peripheral Glucose Dynamics
Fig. 5.1 Pathways indicating the integrative function of estrogen in regulating glucose uptake. Estrogen mediates glucose homeostasis via its two receptors ERα and ERβ. ERα, the predominant isoform in muscle,…
