Pharmacology of Glucocorticoids
Fig. 3.1 Chemical structure of hydrocortisone (cortisol) showing the four rings, A through D, along with numbering system for the carbon molecules. Also shown are the important features necessary for…
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: Genetics and Pathophysiology
Fig. 8.1 Catecholamine and metanephrine synthesis pathway . PNMT phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, COMT catechol-O-methyltransferase, MAO monoamine oxidase, VMA vanillylmandelic acid Consequences of Catecholamine Hypersecretion Catecholamines and metanephrines bind to the seven…
Primary Aldosteronism: From Genetic Causes to Clinical Guidelines
Fig. 6.1 Acute and chronic regulation of aldosterone production. (a) The acute actions of Ang II and extracellular potassium (K+) on adrenal glomerulosa cell aldosterone production. Ang II binds type…
Pathophysiology and Genetic Landscape of Adrenocortical Tumors and Hyperplasias
Fig. 7.1 Schematic representation of the cAMP signaling pathway involved in the control of cortisol secretion in primary adrenal Cushing’s syndrome. The binding of ACTH to MC2R leads to dissociation…
Other Rare Tumours and Tumour-Like Lesions
Fig. 6.1 Solid cell nests (SCNs) of the human thyroid. SCNs appear as cellular clusters with a lobulated configuration within the interstitium of the thyroid gland (a–c). They are usually…
Rare Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas
Fig. 2.1 Hobnail (micropapillary) variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. This variant typically shows a variable combination of papillary (a), micropapillary (b) and follicular growth pattern (c). Both the papillae and…
Rare Follicular Tumours
Fig. 3.1 Oncocytic (Hürthle cell, oxyphilic) tumour with clear cell features. Benign (a) and malignant oncocytic follicular tumours have abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm due to the accumulation of innumerable abnormal…
Rare Familial Tumours
Chromosomal location Gene Thyroid tumour/s Additional lesions 19p13.11 GRIM-19 (NDUFA13) Multifocal Hürthle cell (oncocytic) adenoma, PTC and/or FTC 19p13.2 TCO (unknown) Multifocal Hürthle cell (oncocytic) adenoma, PTC and/or FTC 1q21…
Small Cell Tumours
Fig. 4.1 Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) . This case of PDTC discloses solid growth pattern, foci of necrosis and invasion of the capsule (a), as well as invasion of…
Introduction
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro, Catarina Eloy and Manuel Sobrinho-Simões (eds.)Rare Tumors of the Thyroid Glandhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61182-2_1 1. Introduction Manuel Sobrinho-Simões1, 2, 3, 4 , Catarina Eloy1, 2, 3 , Isabel Amendoeira1, 4 , Paula Soares1, 2, 3 , Javier Caneiro-Gómez5 , Miguel Melo1, 2,…
