Test Number of abnormal values Threshold (equal or greater than) in mmol/L Organisation   0 h 1 h 2 h 3 h  50 g OGCT 1 – 7.2 – – CC,…

Fig. 20.1 Family pedigree What is your diagnosis now? Evidence now suggested that Jennifer did not have type 1 diabetes. We then considered whether she had evidence for type 2…

  Results Normal range 24 h urinary free cortisol 564 nmol/day (vol 1.62 L) <147 nmol/day 24 h urinary free cortisol 489 nmol/day (vol 1.93 L) <147 nmol/day 1 mg…

Fig. 8.1 Pre-operative MRI pituitary. Pre-contrast T1 weighted images in the coronal (a) and sagittal (b) plain show a homogenous mass arising from the pituitary fossa and invading the left…

Low PTH High PTH Others Destruction of parathyroid glands by surgery or radioactive iodine Vitamin D deficiency or resistance Hypomagnesaemia Autoimmune destruction of parathyroid glands Chronic kidney disease Drugs Irradiation…

Ovulatory disorders Hypothalamic/pituitary failure Hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction Ovarian failure Tubal damage Previous pelvic/abdominal surgery Past peritonitis Past Pelvic infections Endometriosis Congenital abnormalities Uterine or peritoneal disorders Fibroids Endometrial polyps Endometriosis Modifiable…

MEN 2A MEN 2B MTC (100 %) MTC (100 %) Phaeochromocytoma (50 %) Phaeochromocytoma (50 %) Parathyroid adenoma (25 %) Mucosal neuromas: tongue/lips (95 %) Typical facies: swollen lips/thick eyelids…

Fig. 2.1 Chest x-ray on admission to accident and emergency ECG: rate 50/min regular, flat T waves in III, AVF, V4–6. Urgent CT-head, no abnormality detected. Comment on Her FBC…

Test, units Result Reference range TSH, mIU/l <0.02 0.27–4.2 FreeT4, pmol/l 48 12–22 FreeT3, pmol/l 12.6 3.1–6.8 TRAb, IU/l 7.2 ≤0.9 How would you manage this case? She wants to…

  Serum/plasma Spot urine 24-h urine Osmolality (mOsmol/kg) 298 86 – Sodium (mmol/L) 147 16 114 Potassium (mmol/L) 4.1 3 21 Urea (mmol/L) 2.5 30 215 Creatinine (μmol/L) 58 1.9…