Thyroid Hormone Structure–Function Relationships Stephen D. Ayers John D. Baxter Paul Webb The parental form of thyroid hormone (thyroxine, T4) is subjected to multiple metabolic modifications that alter its activity….
Genomic and Nongenomic Actions of Thyroid Hormones Paul M. Yen Gregory A. Brent Thyroid hormones (THs) (e.g., L-triiodothyronine, T3; L-tetraiodothyronine, T4) regulate a wide range of processes including growth, brain…
Thyroid Hormone Transport Proteins and the Physiology of Hormone Binding Salvatore Benvenga Thyroid hormones (TH) are low molecular weight molecules that signal to virtually all tissues, predominantly by a slow…
Intracellular Pathways of Iodothyronine Metabolism/Implications of Deiodination for Thyroid Hormone Action Antonio C. Bianco Brian W. Kim Figure 7.1 Structures and interrelationships between the principal iodothyronines activated or inactivated by…
Thyroglobulin Structure, Function, and Biosynthesis Héctor M. Targovnik Thyroglobulin (TG), a homodimeric glycoprotein of 660 kDa (TG 19S), functions as the highly specialized matrix for thyroid hormone biosynthesis and for…
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis Peter Kopp Thyroid hormone biosynthesis, storage, and secretion require a series of highly regulated steps. Iodide, the rate-limiting substrate for thyroid hormone synthesis, is actively transported into…
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis: Thyroid Iodide Transport Nancy Carrasco Iodine [or iodide (I–) in its ionized form] is an essential nutrient primarily because of the role it plays as an indispensable…
Anatomy and Pathology of the Thyrotrophs Fabio Rotondo Kalman Kovacs Eva Horvath The anterior pituitary is a highly heterogeneous gland comprised of a variety of cells. Since the late 19th…
Development of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis Pilar Santisteban The thyroid gland is the most anterior organ that buds from the gut tube; it is mainly composed of endoderm-derived follicular cells that…
The Heritage of the Thyroid: A Brief History Clark T. Sawin The occurrence of goiter was no surprise to Europeans two millennia ago, especially to those living in the Alps…
