Fig. 7.1 Urinary trypsin inhibitors are release from non-inhibitory pro-inhibitors. (Step 1) Serine proteases of the trypsin family (Elastase, Cathepsin, Tryptase, Trypsin, Kallikrein, Thrombin, Plasmin and Factors VII & X)…

Fig. 1.1 Diabetes impact on health care cost. The increase in obesity in the U.S. over the last 30 years has increased to more than 25 % of the population…

Protein and Exposure level (μg/mL)a Intra-cellular signals Bik Adpn AdipoR1357-375 Calcium (nM)b MAPK p38c (% change) MAPK ERKc (% change) 0 0 0 93 8 % 0 % 0 20…

Fig. 2.1 The Complement Activation Pathways and its regulators. The Complement System: The classical pathway is initiated by immune complexes that activate C1. Activated C1 then recruits C4 and C2…

Cell typea – Trypsinb (μg/mg protein) Trypsin Inhibitorsc, d (μg/mg protein) DPP-4e (ng/mg protein) Proximal tubular Supernatant 132 8.9 2.2 Pellet 243 15.2 19.3 Glomerular mesangial Pellet 17 2.4 32.4…

Fig. 4.1 Effects of AdipoR1 CTF344-375 on the activities of ADAM17/TACE. Synthetic peptide Adiponectin Receptor C terminal fragment 32 mer peptide (AdipoR1 CTF344-375) at concentrations of 0–50 μg/mL was incubated…

Variable Patients with AKI (n = 15) Patients without AKI (n = 21) P value Age in years 63.8 ± 7.88 67.4 ± 7.18 0.87 Gender (male (%)) 11 (73) 6 (29) 0.20 Diabetes (%) 11 (73) 15…

Fig. 3.1 Adiponectin Receptor System. In normal patients, the adiponectin receptor system allows adiponectin to reduce glucose production in the liver (AdipoR2) and causes glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation in…