Oncohema Key

Renal medicine The ageing kidney Kidney function tends to decline with age, but unless there is additional disease, function is usually sufficient to remove waste and to regulate volume and…

Haematology The ageing haematopoietic system There are very few changes as the bone marrow ages. Be very reluctant to ascribe changes seen on testing to age alone—pathology is much more…

Chest Medicine The ageing lung Most of the functional impairment of the lungs that is seen in older people is due to disease, often smoking-related. Intrinsic ageing leads only to…

Cardiovascular The ageing cardiovascular system Advanced age is the most potent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This vulnerability stems from: Cumulative exposure to risk factors (extrinsic ageing) This was looked…

Homeostasis Volume depletion and dehydration An important, common, easily missed clinical condition, especially in older people. Highly prevalent among acutely unwell older people admitted to hospital due to a combination…

Stroke Definition and classification Definition Stroke is the sudden onset of a focal neurological deficit, lasting more than 24hr or leading to death, caused by a vascular problem. Infarction: emboli,…

Neurology The ageing brain and nervous system As in other systems intrinsic ageing (occurs in all) is often hard to distinguish from extrinsic ageing mechanisms (caused by disease processes). See…

Falls and Funny Turns Falls and fallers A fall is an event that results in a person non-intentionally coming to rest at a lower level (usually the floor). Falls are…

Rehabilitation Introduction Rehabilitation (rehab) is a process of care aimed at restoring or maximizing physical, mental, and social functioning. Can be used for: Acute reversible insults, eg sepsis Acute non-reversible…

Organizing Geriatric Services Using geriatric services Geriatric services have developed rapidly since the inception of the specialty in the 1950s. They have different forms, depending on local resources, experts, and…