PATHOLOGY OF THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIS AND HYPOTHALAMUS2,4,10,19 Part of “CHAPTER 11 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PITUITARY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE“ Clinically significant diseases of the posterior lobe are rare. Endocrinologically, they…
THE ABNORMAL ADENOHYPOPHYSIS1a,2 Part of “CHAPTER 11 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PITUITARY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE“ Diseases of the adenohypophysis can be broadly divided into (a) developmental abnormalities; (b) vascular…
THE NORMAL PITUITARY1,2 Part of “CHAPTER 11 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PITUITARY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE“ EMBRYOLOGY The pituitary gland is derived from two sources. The epithelial part, which includes…
MORPHOLOGY OF THE PITUITARY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE Kamal Thapar Kalman Kovacs Eva Horvath In 1886, the French neurologist Pierre Marie proposed that the pituitary gland plays a fundamental role…
CONCLUSION Part of “CHAPTER 10 – PINEAL GLAND“ The human pineal gland is a highly active organ that secretes at least one indole hormone, melatonin, and possibly several other active…
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Part of “CHAPTER 10 – PINEAL GLAND“ SEXUAL MATURATION The pineal gland and melatonin have been implicated in several clinical entities.5 Besides the possible link between gradually decreasing…
AGE AND SEXUAL MATURATION Part of “CHAPTER 10 – PINEAL GLAND“ Age substantially influences the pattern of melatonin production (Fig. 10-4). Whereas the day–night periodicity in plasma melatonin levels probably…
FACTORS INFLUENCING PLASMA MELATONIN RHYTHM Part of “CHAPTER 10 – PINEAL GLAND“ LIGHT–DARK CYCLE The primary factor determining plasma melatonin levels is the prevailing light–dark environment.8 The rhythmic production and…
PLASMA LEVELS OF MELATONIN AND ITS METABOLISM Part of “CHAPTER 10 – PINEAL GLAND“ Plasma levels of melatonin seem to reflect closely the amount being synthesized and secreted by the…
INFLUENCE OF HORMONES AND DRUGS ON MELATONIN SECRETION Part of “CHAPTER 10 – PINEAL GLAND“ Most of what is known about the interactions of the postganglionic neurotransmitter norepinephrine with the…
