INTRAOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PARATHYROID PATHOLOGY Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ FAT STAINS Because prominent, large fat droplets are found in the cytoplasm of normal chief…
PARATHYROID CARCINOMA Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ Parathyroid carcinoma is responsible for <1% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism.1,4,17,22,23 Often, the tumors are larger than adenomas,…
PRIMARY PARATHYROID HYPERPLASIA Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ CHIEF CELL HYPERPLASIA Chief cell hyperplasia accounts for ˜15% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.1,4 Significantly, 25% to…
PARATHYROID ADENOMA Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ The parathyroid adenoma is more frequently located among the lower glands than among the upper ones. Grossly, a…
ULTRASTRUCTURE Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ Electron microscopic studies of parathyroid cells have shown that the chief cells undergo morphologic change caused by the synthesis…
GROSS ANATOMY Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ In normal adults, the total weight (mean ± standard deviation) of all parathyroid tissue is 120 ± 3.5…
EMBRYOLOGY Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ The parathyroid glands develop from the third and fourth pharyngeal (branchial) pouches (see Chap. 53, Fig. 53-4). The third…
