DEFINITION
DEFINITION Part of “CHAPTER 43 – ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY“ Endocrine ophthalmopathy is a complex orbital disease of unknown cause characterized by round-cell infiltration, edema, and proliferation of connective tissue. These changes…
ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY
ENDOCRINE OPHTHALMOPATHY Melvin G. Alper Leonard Wartofsky DEFINITION ETIOLOGY PATHOLOGY Related posts: EVALUATION PROTOCOL FOR PATIENTS WITH NEPHROLITHIASIS CORTICOTROPIN-DEPENDENT CUSHING SYNDROME ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS PRESYNAPTIC MODULATION CONTRASEXUAL PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY IDIOPATHIC OR…
GRAVES DISEASE IN SPECIAL SITUATIONS
GRAVES DISEASE IN SPECIAL SITUATIONS Part of “CHAPTER 42 – HYPERTHYROIDISM“ PREGNANCY AND GRAVES DISEASE The diagnosis of thyrotoxic Graves disease in a pregnant patient is especially difficult, because euthyroid…
TREATMENT OF GRAVES DISEASE
TREATMENT OF GRAVES DISEASE Part of “CHAPTER 42 – HYPERTHYROIDISM“ The three major modalities of treatment for a thyrotoxic patient with Graves disease are antithyroid medications, 131I, and thyroidectomy. ANTITHYROID…
NATURAL HISTORY OF GRAVES DISEASE
NATURAL HISTORY OF GRAVES DISEASE Part of “CHAPTER 42 – HYPERTHYROIDISM“ Although our understanding of the pathogenesis of Graves disease is progressing rapidly, we still cannot accurately predict the natural…
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM Part of “CHAPTER 42 – HYPERTHYROIDISM“ GRAVES DISEASE Graves disease occurs most frequently in young women (˜5:1 female to male ratio) but is not uncommon in…
LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF GRAVES DISEASE
LABORATORY ASSESSMENT OF GRAVES DISEASE Part of “CHAPTER 42 – HYPERTHYROIDISM“ The initial laboratory assessment of a patient with thyrotoxic Graves disease should include measurement of hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood…
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF GRAVES DISEASE
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF GRAVES DISEASE Part of “CHAPTER 42 – HYPERTHYROIDISM“ The clinical manifestations of Graves disease are myriad and can involve almost any organ system (Table 42-1; Fig. 42-2,…
PATHOGENESIS OF GRAVES DISEASE
PATHOGENESIS OF GRAVES DISEASE Part of “CHAPTER 42 – HYPERTHYROIDISM“ Graves disease is associated with TSH receptor antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland.1,2,3,4,5 and 6 In most patients, the population…
HYPERTHYROIDISM
HYPERTHYROIDISM Kenneth D. Burman Of the several varieties of hyperthyroidism, one of the most common is Graves disease. Graves disease is an autoimmune disease in which thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor…
