Immunogenicity and Antigen Structure Jay A. Berzofsky Ira J. Berkower THE NATURE OF ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS RECOGNIZED BY ANTIBODIES Haptens In the antigen-antibody binding reaction, the antibodybinding site is often unable…
The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Its Proteins David H. Margulies Kannan Natarajan Jamie Rossjohn James McCluskey INTRODUCTION The extended family of glycoproteins known as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and MHC-like…
Antigen Processing and Presentation Ted H. Hansen Paul A. Roche ANTIGEN PRESENTATION PATHWAYS As part of the adaptive immune response, T cells mount immune responses to diseased cells and abnormal…
Granulocytes and Mast Cells Patrizia Scapini Nicola Tamassia Carlo Pucillo Marco A. Cassatella INTRODUCTION Polymorphonuclear leukocytes or granulocytes are hematopoietically derived blood cells that typically act at the frontline of…
Macrophages and Phagocytosis Siamon Gordon INTRODUCTION Macrophages (Mø) represent a family of mononuclear leukocytes that are widely distributed throughout the body within and outside of lymphohemopoietic organs. They vary considerably…
CD1d-Restricted Natural Killer T Cells Albert Bendelac INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION Natural killer T (NKT) cells are cluster of differentiation (CD)1d-restricted T cells that use semi-invariant αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) and…
Natural Killer Cells Wayne M. Yokoyama INTRODUCTION Natural killer (NK) cells were initially described because they spontaneously kill certain tumor targets.1,2,3,4 However, they are now recognized to play important roles…
Dendritic Cells Kang Liu Michel C. Nussenzweig INTRODUCTION Immunology interfaces with medicine at many points, the most prominent being infectious diseases, cancer, transplantation, allergy, and autoimmunity. Antigen-specific immunity is critical…
The Innate Immune System Luke A. J. O’Neill INTRODUCTION Every organism has to contend with infection by microbes. Infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi threaten health and viability…
Peripheral T Lymphocyte Responses and Function Marc K. Jenkins INTRODUCTION This chapter focuses on the processes by which conventional thymus-derived (T)-lymphocytes that express αβ T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs) become activated…
