Metastatic urothelial carcinoma is primarily a disease of the elderly, with a median overall survival of approximately 15 months. Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy is standard first-line treatment for eligible patients, with…
Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is an aggressive disease associated with poor survival rates. High rates of relapse, despite radical cystectomy, suggest that administration of systemic therapy in the perioperative…
Although cystectomy remains the standard for treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the United States, there exist potentially curative alternatives for a selected subset of these patients in organ preservation…
While UTUC is relatively uncommon, it has an aggressive natural history and poor prognosis, which has not substantially improved over the past two decades. Nevertheless, continued research has led to…
Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion is one of the most complex urologic procedures and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although it remains the gold standard for treatment of…
At present, radical cystectomy is a mainstay in the management of all bladder cancers, whether of conventional urothelial histology or variant. However, in the case of some variants, it is…
Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer is a highly recurrent disease. The health care costs for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer are a major burden for society. Bladder cancer treatment starts with a presumed complete…
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a heterogeneous disease with a variable natural history. Most patients (70%) present with superficial tumors (stages Ta, T1, or carcinoma in situ). However, 3 out of…
Classic as well as more recent large-scale genomic analyses have uncovered multiple genes and pathways important for bladder cancer development. Genes involved in cell-cycle control, chromatin regulation, and receptor tyrosine…
Bladder cancer incidence is higher in old men, shows geographic variation, and is mostly an environmental disease. Cigarette smoking, occupational exposures, water arsenic, Schistosoma haematobium infestation, and some medications are…
