Cytokines are a diverse group of signaling molecules with immunomodulatory activity. This article reviews the application of cytokine therapy in melanoma with a focus on interferon-α and interleukin-2. In addition,…
The potential for therapeutic efficacy of a melanoma vaccine has been evident preclinically for many years. In melanoma patients, vaccines have resulted in the induction of immune responses, although clinical…
The concept of immunosurveillance of cancer has been widely accepted for many years, but only recently have the precise mechanisms of tumor-host immune interactions been revealed. Inflammatory and immune reactions…
Although selective mutant BRAF inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic melanoma, the magnitude and duration of their clinical benefit are significantly undermined by de novo and acquired resistance. Functional…
Historically the approach to treating noncutaneous melanoma was largely guided by the experience with cutaneous melanoma, particularly in the metastatic setting. However, as genetic tools have allowed clinicians to better…
Melanoma is resistant to cytotoxic therapy, and treatment options for advanced disease have been limited historically. However, improved understanding of melanoma driver mutations, particularly those involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase…
Adjuvant therapy targets melanoma micrometastases in patients with surgically resected disease that carry a high risk of death from melanoma recurrence. In this setting, adjuvant therapy provides the greatest opportunity…
Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment of every patient in whom complete excision of all disease is feasible. For clinically localized melanoma (clinical stages 0–II), wide excision and, when appropriate,…
From 1976 to 2010, only 2 medications were approved for treating metastatic melanoma. Between 2011 and 2013, 4 agents were approved and other therapies have shown great promise in clinical…
Treatment of iron overload requires robust estimates of total-body iron burden and its response to iron chelation therapy. Compliance with chelation therapy varies considerably among patients, and individual reporting is…
