Non-MEN Thyroid Cancer Syndromes
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Thyroid malignancies are classified on the basis of the origin of cells into medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), which originates from the parafollicular cells, and nonmedullary thyroid…
Thyroid Lymphoma
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Lymphoma, though primarily a neoplasm of leukocytes, can involve extranodal, nonlymphoid tissue including the thyroid. When the thyroid is involved by widely disseminated lymphoma, the surgeon…
Pheochromocytoma
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) arise from chromafin cells originating in the neural crest, and can develop in any location containing sympathetic or parasympathetic tissue. Although…
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen It was not until the 19th century that Billroth, Kocher, Halsted, and others refined the thyroidectomy operation into a standard treatment for thyroid cancer with advancements…
Adrenocortical Cancer
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but often aggressive endocrine malignancy that may present with symptoms of hormone secretion, as a symptomatic nonfunctional abdominal mass, or…
Hürthle Cell Carcinoma
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Hürthle cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of well-differentiated thyroid cancer representing 3% to 4% of all thyroid malignancies.1 First described by Max Askanazy in 1898…
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Historically, practice guidelines and various medical resources have combined follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) as if they were a single entity of…
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome was initially described in 1954 as Wermer’s syndrome. Dr Paul Wermer reported on a syndrome in which adenomatosis…
Parathyroid Carcinoma
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of the parathyroid causing parathyroid hormone (PTH)–dependent hypercalcemia. Diagnosis is difficult so a high level of suspicion must be…
Medullary Thyroid Cancer
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor arising from the calcitonin-producing parafollicular cells, also known as C cells. C cells are derived from neural…
