Pathologic basis for diabetic neuropathy in humans
Introduction Dr. Max Ellenberg, who dedicated his life to the clinical care for patients with diabetic neuropathy in the mid 20th century, concluded that neuropathy is not a complication of…
Treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: technologies, exercise, and alternative treatments
Introduction Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) remains a devastating microvascular complication of diabetes with current guidelines pointing to limited pharmacologic treatment options , mainly targeting symptomatic alleviation, optimization of glycemic control…
Spinal cord involvement in diabetic neuropathy and neuropathic pain
Introduction The spinal cord is a critical site for integration of peripheral sensory information en route to the brain and for regulated dispersal of responses via the motor and autonomic…
Diabetic neuropathy in children and youth
Background Diabetes is a major health concern in children and youth, and has increased in incidence and prevalence in recent years . Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) accounts for greater…
The conundrum and enigma of painful and painless neuropathy
Introduction The conundrum of diabetic painful and painless neuropathies was clinically described centuries ago , more lately in 1983 on the natural history of acute painful neuropathy , and then…
Skin biopsy analysis in diabetic neuropathy
Introduction Nociceptor cell bodies are located in the trigeminal ganglion or the dorsal root ganglion, and their nerve endings terminate in the skin. These nerve fibers are present in nerve…
Central nervous system involvement in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Painful diabetic neuropathy Painful distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (painful diabetic neuropathy) affects about 20% of people with diabetes and is defined as “pain as a direct consequence of abnormalities in the…
Advances in screening, early diagnosis, and accurate staging of diabetic neuropathy
Introduction Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing health challenges of the 21st century, with the number of adults living with diabetes having more than tripled over the past 20 years…
Electrodiagnostic evaluation in diabetic neuropathy
Introduction The diagnosis of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP) depends heavily on the demonstration of objective electrophysiological nerve abnormalities through nerve conduction studies (NCS) along with the assessment of clinical signs…
Bedside clinical features and translational snapshots of diabetic polyneuropathy
Introduction Our understanding of diabetes mellitus (DM) had advanced substantially by the end of the 19th century. Observations by Minkowski and von Mering around that time made a key conceptual…
