Diabetic foot
Introduction Diabetic foot disease (DFD) is a major global burden for patients and health care systems and is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus . It encompasses…
Treatment-induced painful diabetic neuropathy
Introduction “Insulin neuritis” is a historical term for acute painful neuropathy related to the initiation of insulin treatment and the subsequent improvement in glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Caravati…
Classification, risk factors, and clinical presentation diabetic neuropathy
Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder. Nearly half a billion people are living with diabetes worldwide. International Diabetes Federation estimated that over four million people aged 20–79 years…
Modeling the impact of harm reduction for opioid use disorder on infectious disease prevention
Introduction Opioid use disorder (OUD) can lead to injection drug use, which is an important risk factor for blood-borne viruses such as HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV), among other…
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for people who inject drugs
HIV prevention in people who inject drugs According to the CDC, 9% of incident HIV cases in the United States are directly attributable to injection drug use [ ]. Among…
Notes on harm reduction and the opioid epidemic in the United States
Introduction All societies that have had access to psychoactive drugs have used them. There are multiple positive aspects of psychoactive drug use, from creating positive mood states, to stress and…
Outpatient opioid use disorder treatment for the ID physician
Infectious disease (ID) physicians have long treated the common complications of opioid use disorder (OUD) and injection drug use. Such complications encountered in patients with OUD include HIV, viral hepatitis…
Opioid use disorder and Chronic Hepatitis B
Introduction Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects over 240 million individuals worldwide [ ]. Detection of the disease is dependent on active surveillance and testing by healthcare providers. Due…
Inpatient opioid use disorder treatment for the infectious disease physician
Introduction Infections are a common cause of hospitalization for patients with opioid use disorders (OUDs). In 2012, there were 530,000 OUD-related hospitalizations with a total estimated healthcare cost of $15…
Opioid use disorder and endocarditis
Opioid use disorder and endocarditis The increasing use of opioids over the past decade has resulted in a crisis of overdose and death in the United States that has also…
