1 Introduction Evidence is accumulating that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, and numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that T2D patients have a significantly higher…
1 Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a challenging epidemic disease affecting 12% of the middle-aged population [ ]. Its global incidence is increasing rapidly and dramatically, driven by…
1 Definitions Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by the presence of hepatic steatosis by imaging or histology, in the absence of secondary causes of hepatic fat accumulation […
1 Introduction It has long been well-established that the major complications of diabetes are microvascular complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, as well as the macrovascular complications including cardiovascular…
The prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM), especially type 2 DM (T2D), is increasing worldwide. DM contributes to a high burden of disease-associated complications and comorbidities, with vascular complications…
1 Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual impairment and preventable blindness, representing a significant socioeconomic cost for healthcare systems worldwide [ ]. The global prevalence of…
Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DPN) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, despite being very common and with heavy impact on quality of life, morbidity and mortality, remain undiagnosed in two-thirds of the cases…
1 Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was first described in the 19th century and has since been recognized as a key microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. DR has significant impact at…
1 Prevalence Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that has reached epidemic proportions with a global prevalence of 9.3% and an expected rise to 25% by 2030 […
1 Introduction It is now well established that cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading cause of mortality in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and that the incidence of CV…
