Learning objectives • Vertebral Compression Fractures (VCF) are often silent and referred to as “morphometric vertebral compression fractures.” • The radiological appearances of vertebral deformities and VCF. • In the…
Learning objectives • Fragility vertebral fractures are diagnostic of osteoporosis. • The presentation and management of acute symptomatic (clinical) and asymptomatic (morphometric) vertebral compression fractures are different. • The usefulness…
Learning objectives • Osteoporosis is a silent, asymptomatic disease until a fracture is sustained. • Fragility fractures are diagnostic of osteoporosis, regardless of densitometric findings, but after excluding localized bone…
Learning objectives • A fragility fracture, per se, is diagnostic of osteoporosis and increases the risk of further fractures. • The impact of hazardous environments leading to falls and fractures….
1 Introduction Diabetic foot disease (DFD) can present as diabetic neuropathy (DN), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), Charcot neuroarthropathy (CNA), diabetic foot ulcer, and osteomyelitis, also known as the diabetic foot…
1 Introduction Among the most remarkable advances in ophthalmology over the last decades has been the discovery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors for the treatment of different retinal…
1 Epidemiology An estimated 64.3 million people are living with heart failure worldwide. In developed countries, the prevalence of known heart failure is generally estimated at 1%–2% of the general…
1 Chronic kidney disease is a common complication in diabetes It is estimated that approximately 40% of individuals with diabetes will develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) during the course of…
This chapter summarizes mechanisms and phenotypes behind the multifaceted negative effects of impaired glucose control on microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. 1 Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide…
1 Introduction Epidemiological evidence supports an association between diabetes and cancer and raises a number of questions related to this issue such as (i) Is this a positive or negative…
