Fig. 7.1 a Wise-pattern incision b Radial incision, «lazy-S» c Periareolar incision, may be extended medially, laterally or both («omega incision») d Submammary fold incision, extended laterally (Used with permission from…
Fig. 9.1 The increasing complexity of clinical decision-making in early-stage breast cancer 9.2 Multigene Assays in Invasive Breast Cancer: Prognostication Since 2004, several MGAs have become available to clinicians treating early-stage…
Fig. 6.1 Mammography in a 52-year-old woman with three sisters diagnosed with breast cancer at ages 45, 49 and 55 years old. Digital mammography was performed annually for the past 5 years. Within…
Fig. 1 a CT scan of the brain. b MR scan of the brain. There are two small metastatic lesions clearly visible in the MR scan that are invisible in the…
Fig. 1 A typical passive scatter treatment nozzle with associated hardware In contrast, intensity—modulated proton therapy obviates the need for physical beam—shaping devices. In IMPT a small (3–5 mm) beam of protons…
Fig. 1 Select examples of radiation dose-toxicity curves demonstrating that a reduction in dose to normal organs is associated with a decrease in late organ toxicities such as pneumonitis, nephritis and…
where α (1/Gy) and β (1/Gy2) are parameters that determine the shape of the curve. Indeed, a vast literature exists on the mechanistic and empirical history of this famous equation,…
Fig. 1 Schematic of a FUS procedure, a method of focusing sound waves to create heat at a focal spot at depth in the body. The tissue temperature at the focal…
Fig. 1 Representative images showing the different acini structures generated from immortalized normal human breast epithelial MCF10A, breast cancer MCF7 and BCSCs isolated from MCF7 population that survived a course of…
Fig. 1 External compression was one of the first techniques used to address tumor motion in lung SBRT Fig. 2 Image guidance with CBCT prior to delivery was sufficient to provide treatment…
