Fig. 4.1 Dose-response meta-analysis for the association between BMI and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (From Xia et al. [60] Weight Change A number of studies have assessed the…
Name Menopausal status Risk setting Key trials Significant breast cancer risk reduction Side effects SERM Tamoxifen Pre and post High risk and normal population risk NSABP-P1, IBIS-1, Marsden, Italian Yes,…
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018Lynda Wyld, Christos Markopoulos, Marjut Leidenius and Elżbieta Senkus-Konefka (eds.)Breast Cancer Management for Surgeonshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56673-3_16 16. The Breast and Oncoplastic Multidisciplinary Team Fiona MacNeill1 , Marios Konstantinos Tasoulis1 and Melissa Ley Hui Tan1 (1) Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Rd, London,…
Fig. 7.1 a Wise-pattern incision b Radial incision, «lazy-S» c Periareolar incision, may be extended medially, laterally or both («omega incision») d Submammary fold incision, extended laterally (Used with permission from…
Fig. 9.1 The increasing complexity of clinical decision-making in early-stage breast cancer 9.2 Multigene Assays in Invasive Breast Cancer: Prognostication Since 2004, several MGAs have become available to clinicians treating early-stage…
Fig. 6.1 Mammography in a 52-year-old woman with three sisters diagnosed with breast cancer at ages 45, 49 and 55 years old. Digital mammography was performed annually for the past 5 years. Within…
Fig. 1 a CT scan of the brain. b MR scan of the brain. There are two small metastatic lesions clearly visible in the MR scan that are invisible in the…
Fig. 1 A typical passive scatter treatment nozzle with associated hardware In contrast, intensity—modulated proton therapy obviates the need for physical beam—shaping devices. In IMPT a small (3–5 mm) beam of protons…
Fig. 1 Select examples of radiation dose-toxicity curves demonstrating that a reduction in dose to normal organs is associated with a decrease in late organ toxicities such as pneumonitis, nephritis and…
where α (1/Gy) and β (1/Gy2) are parameters that determine the shape of the curve. Indeed, a vast literature exists on the mechanistic and empirical history of this famous equation,…
