Key points An holistic proactive and integrated approach is needed to achieve effective diabetes management, manage age-, and diabetes-related health risks and ensure management strategies are appropriate for the individual….
Rationale Diabetes accounts for a great many presentations to outpatient clinics and emergency departments every year. In addition, people present to community centres and general practitioners with potential emergency situations,…
Key points A supportive family is an important aspect of diabetes management. Family stress and marital disharmony affect the child’s metabolic control. Clinicians dealing with children with diabetes must spend…
BACKGROUND Once the care of the newborn is over and the ostensibly “healthy” baby of a mother with hyperglycemia during pregnancy is discharged to his/her devoted family, the long wait…
BACKGROUND The adverse effects of hyperglycemia on the fetus have been recognized since women with diabetes first began to survive and reproduce. Very high rates of late pregnancy fetal loss,…
BACKGROUND Obstetric intervention in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes prior to spontaneous labor has been standard practice for decades. The objectives were, and still are, to avoid the fetus dying…
BACKGROUND The impact of pregestational diabetes and gestational diabetes upon the mother during pregnancy is covered in other chapters. Adverse consequences for the fetus and the neonate arise either from…
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy prevalence at baseline Diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication of diabetes, remains a leading cause of acquired blindness in young and middle-aged adults.1 Currently, the estimated general population…
