Managing Diabetes in Pregnancy
Test Number of abnormal values Threshold (equal or greater than) in mmol/L Organisation 0 h 1 h 2 h 3 h 50 g OGCT 1 – 7.2 – – CC,…
What Kind of Diabetes?
Fig. 20.1 Family pedigree What is your diagnosis now? Evidence now suggested that Jennifer did not have type 1 diabetes. We then considered whether she had evidence for type 2…
Female Infertility: Diagnosis and Management
Ovulatory disorders Hypothalamic/pituitary failure Hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction Ovarian failure Tubal damage Previous pelvic/abdominal surgery Past peritonitis Past Pelvic infections Endometriosis Congenital abnormalities Uterine or peritoneal disorders Fibroids Endometrial polyps Endometriosis Modifiable…
Thyroid Nodule in a Child (MEN 2)
MEN 2A MEN 2B MTC (100 %) MTC (100 %) Phaeochromocytoma (50 %) Phaeochromocytoma (50 %) Parathyroid adenoma (25 %) Mucosal neuromas: tongue/lips (95 %) Typical facies: swollen lips/thick eyelids…
Cushing’s Syndrome
Results Normal range 24 h urinary free cortisol 564 nmol/day (vol 1.62 L) <147 nmol/day 24 h urinary free cortisol 489 nmol/day (vol 1.93 L) <147 nmol/day 1 mg…
Diagnosis and Management of Hypocalcaemia in Adults
Low PTH High PTH Others Destruction of parathyroid glands by surgery or radioactive iodine Vitamin D deficiency or resistance Hypomagnesaemia Autoimmune destruction of parathyroid glands Chronic kidney disease Drugs Irradiation…
A 25-Year-Old Woman with Headache and Joint Pain
Fig. 8.1 Pre-operative MRI pituitary. Pre-contrast T1 weighted images in the coronal (a) and sagittal (b) plain show a homogenous mass arising from the pituitary fossa and invading the left…
Hypothyroidism Complicated by Hypothyroid Coma
Fig. 2.1 Chest x-ray on admission to accident and emergency ECG: rate 50/min regular, flat T waves in III, AVF, V4–6. Urgent CT-head, no abnormality detected. Comment on Her FBC…
Salt-Wasting Crisis in a Newborn
Fig. 14.1 Pathways of steroid metabolism. A block due to deficiency of 21-hydroxylase causes accumulation of precursors (17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone) and deficiency of glucocorticoids (cortisol) and mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) Classical 21-Hydroxylase…
Diagnosis and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Differential diagnoses Hirsutism and/or hyperandrogenaemia Oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea Distinctive characteristics Clinical features Laboratory tests Hyperprolactinaemia; prolactinoma Mild or absent Present Galactorrhoea; macroprolactinomas may cause visual disturbances headache, cranial nerve palsies…
