Fig. 10.1 mTORC1 couples leptin secretion to the adipocyte size. Insulin and nutrients activate leptin biosynthesis via the mTORC1-mediated pathway that also promotes storage of triglycerides and increases the size…
Fig. 14.1 BDNF signaling impacts biological processes throughout the human body. BDNF binds to the TrkB receptor, resulting in receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation. Binding to the TrkB receptor activates multiple…
Fig. 17.1 Total numbers of documents on EBSLN published by year (1935–2013) IONM is increasingly performed in endocrine surgery due to a significant improvement of the technical aspects, devices (Fig….
1. High flow oxygen 2. Call for doctor skilled in airway management 3. Either (a) Intubate (b) Evacuate haematoma (i) Attempt aspiration with large bore needle/syringe (ii) Remove skin and…
Fig. 18.1 Basic IONM equipment setup ET endotracheal tube, REC recording electrodes, GND ground electrodes (Adapted from Randolph et al. [4] permissions awaited) Various nerve monitoring formats are available for…
Fig. 15.1 The camera is handled by an assistant who can rotate it in order to better expose the site of dissection Harmonic scalpel is particularly useful when a VA-CCD…
Fig. 19.1 Superior pole dissection using harmonic scalpel during mini-invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy. EBSLN external branch of superior laryngeal nerve Fig. 19.2 Inferior pole dissection using Harmonic Focus® during mini-invasive thyroidectomy….
Fig. 23.1 Historical evolution of treatment of hypothyroidism A number of studies, following observations about the benefit of T4 and T3 combination therapy, have largely failed to confirm an advantage…
Fig. 10.1 Skin incision; thyroid lobe is medially retracted while the strap muscles are retracted laterally, using two little Farabeuf; endoscope (5 mm – 30°) and the dedicated small surgical…
Fig. 12.1 Comparison of the RAT and RFT approaches. Dashed and dotted lines show the extent of dissection for each procedure. A robotic axillary thyroidectomy (RAT), B robotic facelift thyroidectomy…
