Fig. 3.1 Murine mammary gland development. (a) During embryonic development, bilateral milk lines are established by embryonic day 10 (E10). The milk line breaks up and coalesces into individual mammary…
Fig. 8.1 Calcitonin stain showing C-cell hyperplasia (Courtesy of Dr Moosa Khalil) MTCs are most frequently located posteriorly at the junction between the upper-third and lower two-thirds of the lateral…
Fig. 3.1 Levels VI and VII lymph nodes in the central compartment of the neck Central Compartment Neck Dissection Central compartment lymph node dissection (Fig. 3.2) includes removal of the…
Factor Literature (references) Univariate Multivariate Patient (references) Age (17, 33) (7, 13, 15, 16, 18, 22, 31) Gender NS (18) Tumour (references) Histology (7, 17) (15, 31) Site (15, 23)…
Fig. 11.1 MAPK pathway, TKI receptor inhibition MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase TK tyrosine kinase Fifty per cent of cases of sporadic MTC result from somatic mutations in the RET gene….
ATA [8] Over age of 45 years with grossly visible extrathyroidal extension at the time of surgery and a high likelihood of microscopic residual disease Gross residual tumour for whom…
59. Kim TH, Park YJ, Lim JA, et al. The association of the BRAF (V600E) mutation with prognostic factors and poor clinical outcome in papillary thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer….
Fig. 2.1 Neck levels and their relation to the accessory nerve Table 2.1 Incidence and distribution of lymph node metastases by level in patients undergoing a therapeutic lateral neck dissection…
Series Levels dissected Sivanandan and Soo (2001) [37] II–IV Pingpank et al. (2002) [38] II–V Caron et al. (2006) [34] III, IV Yanir and Doweck (2008) [39] II–V Kupferman et…
Author/Year Study information RLN palsy Hypocalcaemia Transient (%) Permanent (%) Transient (%) Permanent (%) Shah et al. (2012) [42] 82 pts retrospective review 2 2 20 7 Clayman et al….
