Molecular Diagnostics of Pancreatic Cancer
11. Kloppel G, Kosmahl M, Luttges J (2005) Intraductal neoplasms of the pancreas: cystic and common. Pathologe 26(1):31–36PubMed 12. Canto MI et al (2004) Screening for pancreatic neoplasia in high-risk…
Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics of Thyroid and Parathyroid Malignancies
Fig. 2.1 Aspiration biopsy-reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis by Takano et al. [155] of the expression of RET, calcitonin, and CEA mRNAs. Six normal thyroid tissues samples (N), three adenomatous goiters (A),…
Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics of Breast Cancer
Fig. 3.1 Murine mammary gland development. (a) During embryonic development, bilateral milk lines are established by embryonic day 10 (E10). The milk line breaks up and coalesces into individual mammary…
Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Fig. 8.1 Calcitonin stain showing C-cell hyperplasia (Courtesy of Dr Moosa Khalil) MTCs are most frequently located posteriorly at the junction between the upper-third and lower two-thirds of the lateral…
Management of the Central Compartment in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Fig. 3.1 Levels VI and VII lymph nodes in the central compartment of the neck Central Compartment Neck Dissection Central compartment lymph node dissection (Fig. 3.2) includes removal of the…
Management of Distant Metastases in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Factor Literature (references) Univariate Multivariate Patient (references) Age (17, 33) (7, 13, 15, 16, 18, 22, 31) Gender NS (18) Tumour (references) Histology (7, 17) (15, 31) Site (15, 23)…
Targeted Therapies in Thyroid Cancer
Fig. 11.1 MAPK pathway, TKI receptor inhibition MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase TK tyrosine kinase Fifty per cent of cases of sporadic MTC result from somatic mutations in the RET gene….
External Beam Radiotherapy for Thyroid Cancer
ATA [8] Over age of 45 years with grossly visible extrathyroidal extension at the time of surgery and a high likelihood of microscopic residual disease Gross residual tumour for whom…
Molecular Risk Stratification of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
59. Kim TH, Park YJ, Lim JA, et al. The association of the BRAF (V600E) mutation with prognostic factors and poor clinical outcome in papillary thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer….
The Significance of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Fig. 2.1 Neck levels and their relation to the accessory nerve Table 2.1 Incidence and distribution of lymph node metastases by level in patients undergoing a therapeutic lateral neck dissection…
