Causes of primary hyperaldosteronism Percentage of cases Remarks Aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) ~35 % Original pathology described by Conn Bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) ~60 % – Primary unilateral adrenal hyperplasia…
Pearls Pitfalls All patients should be discussed in a multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting Be sure that the imaging is contemporaneous as some adrenal metastases have a rapid doubling time (esp…
Fig. 2.1 Contrast-enhanced CT scan in a patient with Cushing’s syndrome demonstrating a left primary adrenal tumor and a synchronous metastasis in the right lobe of the liver Medical Management…
Histological criteria assessed for the Weiss score High mitotic rate Atypical mitoses High nuclear grade Low percentage of clear cells Necrosis Diffuse architecture of tumor Capsular invasion Sinusoidal invasion Venous…
Hereditary Tumor Syndrome Manifestation of Tumor Gene (chromosomal locus) Syndrome Prevalence of ACT Li-Fraumeni TP53 (17p13), hCHK2 (22q12.1), lq23 Soft tissue sarcoma, osteosarcoma, breast cancer, brain tumor, leukemia, ACC ACC,…
Injury-related and inflammation-related cysts (30%) • Pseudocyst • Paraduodenal wall cyst • Infection-related cysts Neoplastic cysts (60%) Ductal lineage Mucinous type (30%) • Intraductal papillary mucinous…
Fig. 14.1 Possible intraductal and discontinuous peritumoral spread of DCIS These issues warrant thorough preoperative assessment (usually breast MRI). Most DCIS are non-palpable lesions (mostly microcalcifications) so careful preoperative localization…
Fig. 6.1 Axial contrast-enhanced arterial phase MDCT demonstrates dilatation of the distal common bile duct (*) due to isoattenuating adenocarcinoma (arrow) of the pancreatic head. The main pancreatic duct of…
Fig. 5.1 A large HCC in a 75-year-old HCV-positive patient treated by selective internal radiation treatment (SIRT). (a) Angiographic image during SIRT. (b) CT after SIRT. (c) The specimen after…
Fig. 15.1 The da VinciTM robotic system (courtesy of Surgical Intuitive, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) Instruments EndoWrist instruments are designed to provide surgeons with natural dexterity and a full range…
