Jay A. Yelon and Fred A. Luchette (eds.)Geriatric Trauma and Critical Care201410.1007/978-1-4614-8501-8_9 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 9. Health-Care Economics and the Impact of Aging on Rising Health-Care Costs Preston B. Rich1 and Sasha D. Adams2 (1)…
Definition of bleeding: Minor bleeding – any clinically overt sign of hemorrhage (including imaging) that is associated with a <5 g/dl decrease in the hemoglobin concentration or <15 % decrease…
Innate Macrophage Reduced phagocytic activity Reduced generation of nitric oxide Reduced generation of superoxide Neutrophil Reduced phagocytic activity Reduced generation of superoxide Dendritic cells Reduced pinocytosis and endocytosis activity Reduced…
Stage Operative intervention Radiation Chemotherapy Stage I Surgical resection for cure Primary radiotherapy in patients not fit for operation with intent to cure Stage II Surgical resection for cure Radiation…
Physiologic consequence of aging Clinical importance Impact on treatment and care Decreased intrinsic heart rate, maximal heart rate, and response to beta-adrenergic stimuli Reliance on stroke volume increase and ventricular…
Jay A. Yelon and Fred A. Luchette (eds.)Geriatric Trauma and Critical Care201410.1007/978-1-4614-8501-8_5 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 5. Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Healing in the Elderly David G. Greenhalgh1 (1) Department of Surgery, University…
Fig. 19.1 Hormonal control of sexual differentiation By 7 weeks of pregnancy a fetus has a dual system—Wolffian ducts with the potential for the development of a male and Müllerian…
Fig. 33.1 Decision tree for the diagnosis and workup of hypoglycemic disorders Seventy-Two Hour Fast The 72-h fast is prolonged withholding of food and caloric fluids until Whipple’s triad has…
Normal Prediabetes Diabetes Insulin not needed Insulin needed for control Insulin needed for survival Type 1 DM Type 2 DM Other specific types Gestational DM Reproduced…
Age Adrenals Ovaries Others Prenatal/neonatal 46,XX CCAH: Maternal androgenizing tumors Maternal drugs Prepubertal 46,XX NCCAH Adrenal adenomas Adrenal carcinomas Adrenal hyperplasia 11β-HSD1 deficiency Androgen producing tumors (sex cord stromal; gonadoblastoma) …
