Outcome Definition Complete remission Normal measures of glucose metabolism (A1C < 6 %, FBG < 100 mg/dL) for 1 year in the absence of antidiabetic medications. Partial remission Sub-diabetic hyperglycemia (A1C 6–6.4 %, FBG…
Fig. 4.1 Weight loss in Look AHEAD over minimum 8 years of observation. Mean (+SE) weight loss from baseline among participants in the Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI; n = 2570) and Diabetes…
Gene Name Function Chromosome Odds ratio PPARG Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ϒ Regulates adipocyte differentiation 3 1.19 KCNJ11 Potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11 Part of the sulfonylurea receptor…
Fig. 7.1 The Venus of Willendorf Even a few decades ago, it was still deemed desirable. Townsend et al. [2] nicely documented that “certain ethno-cultural groups associate large body sizes…
Reference Surgery Obese/T2DM Stimulus GLP-1 GIP Sarson et al. [76, 77] RYGBP OB Meal ↓ Halverson et al. [78] RYGBP OB OGTT ↑ Sirinek et al. [79] RYGBP OB OGTT …
Fig. 5.1 Lean adipose in insulin-sensitive state. The adipocyte is responsive to insulin stimulation, thus prompting glucose uptake via Glut4 transporter, and free fatty acid uptake (FFA). Glucose is converted…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016Marina Kurian, Bruce M. Wolfe and Sayeed Ikramuddin (eds.)Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes10.1007/978-1-4939-3220-7_19 19. Intragastric Balloon Nicole Pena Sahdala1 (1) Universidad Pedro Henriquez Urena, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Nicole Pena Sahdala Email: nicolepena.md@gmail.com…
Components of MS WHO criteria (1999) EGIR (1999) NCEP ATP III criteria (2001) IDF consensus (2005) Obesity/abdominal obesity Body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 and/or waist-to-hip ratio >0.90 (M), >0.85…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016Marina Kurian, Bruce M. Wolfe and Sayeed Ikramuddin (eds.)Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes10.1007/978-1-4939-3220-7_6 6. Bile Acids, the Microbiome and Metabolic Disease-Implications for Surgery Cyrus Jahansouz1 (1) Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota,…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016Marina Kurian, Bruce M. Wolfe and Sayeed Ikramuddin (eds.)Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes10.1007/978-1-4939-3220-7_17 17. Neural Modulation in the Treatment of Obesity Michael G. Sarr1 and Todd A. Kellogg1 (1) Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200…
