41 Practical Issues in the Care of Frail Older Cardiac Patients George A. Heckman, Kenneth Rockwood Introduction Despite a decline in recent decades in overall cardiovascular mortality in developed countries,…
43 Valvular Heart Disease Wilbert S. Aronow Aortic Stenosis Causes and Prevalence Valvular aortic stenosis (AS) in older adults is usually due to stiffening, scarring, and calcification of the aortic…
120 Geriatric Medicine in Europe Peter Crome, Joanna Pleming Aging in Europe In common with more developed countries throughout the world, population demographics throughout Europe will change dramatically in the…
35 Laboratory Diagnosis and Geriatrics More Than Just Reference Intervals for Older Adults Alexander Lapin, Elisabeth Mueller Introduction Radical improvements in health care and general lifestyle have brought about longer…
102 Impaired Mobility Nancy L. Low Choy, Eamonn Eeles, Ruth E. Hubbard Introduction Impaired mobility and balance dysfunction each become more common with aging. Acute changes in each (“off legs,”…
82 Disorders of Water and Electrolyte Metabolism Amanda Miller, Karthik Tennankore, Kenneth Rockwood Introduction With aging, several changes to the regulation of water and electrolyte homeostasis can occur. Total body…
73 The Pancreas J.C. Tham, Ceri Beaton, Malcolm C.A. Puntis Background The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ located deep to the stomach; it has endocrine and exocrine functions. Some knowledge…
89 Disorders of the Parathyroid Glands Jane Turton, Michael Stone, Duncan Cole Introduction In most individuals there are just four parathyroid glands, which are usually located at the superior and…
94 Skin Disease and Old Age Kacper K. Pierwola, Gopal A. Patel, W. Clark Lambert, Robert A. Schwartz Introduction Aging affects all organ systems, including the integument. Cell replacement, sensory…
20 Bone and Joint Aging Celia L. Gregson The musculoskeletal system serves three primary functions: (1) it enables an efficient means of limb movement; (2) it acts as an endoskeleton,…
