If a reliable measurement of ionized serum calcium (iCa) is available, this measurement may be useful especially in selected patients (with hyper- or hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytosis, Waldenström macroglobulinemia and myeloma); moreover,…
© Springer-Verlag Italia 2016Guido Gasparri, Nicola Palestini and Michele Camandona (eds.)Primary, Secondary and Tertiary HyperparathyroidismUpdates in Surgery10.1007/978-88-470-5758-6_8 8. Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Michele Camandona1 (1) Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy Michele Camandona…
© Springer-Verlag Italia 2016Guido Gasparri, Nicola Palestini and Michele Camandona (eds.)Primary, Secondary and Tertiary HyperparathyroidismUpdates in Surgery10.1007/978-88-470-5758-6_3 3. Parathyroid Hormone Secretion and Action Giancarlo Isaia1 , Lorenzo Marchese, Margherita Marchetti, Patrizia D’Amelio and Giorgia Fornelli (1) Department of Medical Sciences, University of…
A Strongly recommend B Recommend C No recommendation D Recommend against I Insufficient evidence Disease Primary hyperparathyroidism • Secondary hyperparathyroidism • Reoperative hyperparathyroidism • MEN1 • Parathyroid carcinoma •…
© Springer-Verlag Italia 2016Guido Gasparri, Nicola Palestini and Michele Camandona (eds.)Primary, Secondary and Tertiary HyperparathyroidismUpdates in Surgery10.1007/978-88-470-5758-6_1 1. History of Parathyroids Guido Gasparri1 , Michele Camandona and Nicola Palestini (1) Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy …
FIGURE 1.1 The apoB48 lipoprotein particle family consists of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants (CR). Chylomicrons are secreted by intestinal cells following a meal and transport the dietary lipids to target…
FIGURE 3.1 3.1 HyperTG NormoapoB This can be due to (Figure 3.1): 1) Increased chylomicron particles 2) Increased chylomicron particles and increased VLDL particles 3) Increased chylomicron and…
FIGURE 2.1 The level of 1.2 g/l was adopted as the level separating those with definitely elevated levels of apoB (i.e. ≥ 1.2 g/l) from those without definitely elevated levels because at that time…
FIGURE 7.1 7.2 Strengths of the Risk Prediction Paradigm The Risk Prediction Paradigm is based on the proposition that the costs and risks of pharmacological therapy are justified only in…
FIGURE 5.1 The measurement of LDL-C has major limitations, which have not received the attention the issue deserves. If LDL-C is calculated by the Friedewald formula, as it is in…
