Fig. 15.1 Forest plot of comparison: 1 Clomiphene citrate with gonadotropins (with or without mid-cycle antagonist) versus gonadotropins with GnRH agonists protocols in IVF and ICSI cycles, outcome: 1.1 live birth…
Fig. 19.1 INVO principle. INVOcell device is permeable to CO2 gas and allows the equilibrium between the pCO2 of the vaginal/rectal venous plexus (~5–6%) and the pCO2 of the culture medium…
Fig. 20.1 Proposed flowchart for the TWE diagnostic clinic (T WE The Walking Egg, FAM Fertility awareness methods, IUI Intrauterine insemination, NC Natural cycle, COH Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, TI Timed intercourse,…
Fig. 2.1 The structures of different follicles and its development are shown in a clockwise direction proceeding from the primordial follicle to pre-ovulatory follicle as well from ovulating to corpus luteum…
Fig. 14.1 Protocol for minimal stimulation and natural cycle IVF. GnRHa GnRH agonist, OR oocyte retrieval, ET embryo transfer, Cryo cryopreservation Method for Determining the Oocyte Retrieval Period After confirming follicular…
Sun-Chi et al.a Buckett et al. Fadini et al. IVM Spontaneous IVM IVF ICSI Spontaneous IVM ICSI Number of infants 19 21 31 133 104 338 153 148 Birthweight…
Unsolved problems Possible solutions Advantages/drawbacks Uncontrolled LH surge Flexible scheduling Very challenging GnRH antagonists Additional cost, inefficient? Low-dose clomiphene Endometrial effect? Premature ovulation NSAIDs Cheap, efficient Empty follicle Follicular flushing…
Fig. 25.1 Immature oocyte with compacting cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte In Vitro Maturation of Immature Oocytes The source of immature is the most critical point for oocyte maturation, but the…
Fig. 27.1 Detailed protocol for natural cycle IVF combined with IVM treatment (Based on Lim et al. [27] with modification) In addition, it has been reported that the clinical outcomes of…
Types Definitions Conduction of cycles (protocol) Natural cycle When IVF is carried out with oocytes collected from a woman’s ovary or ovaries in a spontaneous menstrual cycle without administration of…
