Premature Pubarche
Fig. 5.1 Adrenal steroid biosynthesis The mechanism of adrenarche onset remains unknown, although the implication of leptin, IGF1, and ACTH has been conjectured. In addition, MC-2 receptor, CYP19, IGF1, and…
Dimorphism of Human Brain: The Basis of the Gender Differences
Fig. 1.1 Brain sexual differentiation is a multisignaling process presenting sex steroids as key modulators in different steps The so called “neurosteroids” influence the neurobiology of sexual function acting by…
Management of Peripheral Precocious Puberty in Girls
Pubertal stage Age (years) Breast buds (B2) 10.1 Sparse pubic hair growth (P2) 11.2 Darker, coarser pubic hair growth (P3) 12.2 Growth spurt 12.2 Menarche 12.7 Adult pubic hair in…
Maturation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis and the Onset of Puberty
Fig. 6.1 Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and puberty according to [49]. Hypothalamic GnRH neurons receive trans-synaptic inhibitory and excitatory inputs that modulate the pulsatile release of GnRH. This neuropeptide drives the…
Emergency Contraception
Odds ratio [95 % CI] P value Cycle day of intercoursea 4.4 [2.3–8.2] P < 0.0001 Further UPIa 4.6 [2.2–9.0] P < 0.0002 BMI Obese vs. normal 3.6 [1.96–6.53]…
Premature Ovarian Failure in Adolescence and Young Adults: From Diagnosis to Therapy and Follow-up for Fertility Preservation
Primary POF Genetic aberrations X-linked (monosomy, trisomy, deletions, translocations, fragile X) Autosomal dominant (FSH receptor gene polymorphism, inhibin B mutation, etc.) Enzyme deficiency Metabolic Autoimmune disease Secondary POF Surgical Bilateral…
The Long-Term Cardiovascular Risks Associated with Amenorrhea
© International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2017Charles Sultan and Andrea R. Genazzani (eds.)Frontiers in Gynecological EndocrinologyISGE Series10.1007/978-3-319-41433-1_10 10. The Long-Term Cardiovascular Risks Associated with Amenorrhea Tommaso Simoncini1 , Andrea Giannini1 and Andrea R. Genazzani1 (1) Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology,…
Amenorrhoea and Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescent Girls
Characteristics Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea (FHA) Anorexia nervosa (AN) Body weight Normal or low Very low to normal Body fat Normal or low Very low to normal Intake of calories or…
Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea as Stress Induced Defensive System
© International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2017Charles Sultan and Andrea R. Genazzani (eds.)Frontiers in Gynecological EndocrinologyISGE Series10.1007/978-3-319-41433-1_8 8. Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea as Stress Induced Defensive System Alessandro D. Genazzani1 , Giulia Despini1, Riccardo Bonacini1 and Alessia Prati1 (1) Center for Gynecological…
From Primary Hypergonadotropic Amenorrhea to “POI”: Aetiology and Therapy
POI risk level Gonadotoxic drugs High Busulfan, chlorambucil, chlormethine, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, procarbazine Medium Adriamycin, carboplatin, cisplatin, docetaxel, doxorubicin, paclitaxel Low Bleomycin, dactinomycin, 5-Fluoruracil, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, vinblastine, vincristine Oocytes are…
