Graves’ Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy

Nov 10, 2024 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Graves’ Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy

Background Graves’ hyperthyroidism (GH) in pregnancy affects less than 0.5% of pregnant women. Prior to the advent of antithyroid drugs (ATDs) in the 1940s, GH perinatal mortality was as high…

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Endocrine Emergencies in Obstetrics

Nov 10, 2024 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Endocrine Emergencies in Obstetrics

Thyroid Storm Thyroid storm is a rare but life-threatening endocrine emergency occurring in 1% to 2% of pregnant women with hyperthyroidism. It typically has an acute onset and is associated…

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Pituitary Apoplexy

Nov 10, 2024 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Pituitary Apoplexy

Introduction Pituitary apoplexy is the potentially life-threatening hemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland leading to significant neurologic, neuro-ophthalmologic, and endocrine deficiencies. The classic triad of symptoms includes severe headache,…

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Hypopituitarism

Nov 10, 2024 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Hypopituitarism

Introduction Hypothalamic stimulatory and inhibitory hormones traverse the hypophyseal-portal circulation to target specific cells of the pituitary gland. The pituitary cells synthesize and secrete trophic hormones, which target organs to…

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Diabetes Insipidus and Acute Hypernatremia

Nov 10, 2024 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Diabetes Insipidus and Acute Hypernatremia

Funding . The work was supported by the Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health. Disclosure Statement: Dr….

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Postsurgical and Posttraumatic Hyponatremia

Nov 10, 2024 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Postsurgical and Posttraumatic Hyponatremia

Introduction Hyponatremia, defined as a serum sodium concentration ([Na + ]) less than 135 mEq/L, represents a relative excess of body water relative to body sodium content. The reported prevalence…

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Carcinoid Syndrome and Carcinoid Crisis

Nov 10, 2024 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Carcinoid Syndrome and Carcinoid Crisis

Introduction Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a rare malignancy arising throughout the aerodigestive tract. These tumors have recently been recognized to be increasing in incidence, reaching 6.98 per 100,000 per year….

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