Diagnosis of osteosarcopenia—Clinical
Overview Osteosarcopenia is an age-related syndrome characterized by a low mass of the musculoskeletal unit composed of muscles and bones . Osteosarcopenia was first described in 2009 as the coexistence…
Sex steroids and gender differences in muscle, bone, and fat
Introduction Sex steroids are fundamentally important to human sexual differentiation and maturation. Given the anatomical differences evident between the human male and female phenotype, it is thus no surprise that…
Osteosarcopenic adiposity
What is osteosarcopenic adiposity/obesity and what is in its name? Introduction Osteosarcopenic adiposity/obesity (OSA/OSO) was officially identified in 2014, when a theoretical concept supported by scientific evidence and research findings,…
The role of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in osteosarcopenia
Introduction Osteosarcopenia is the combined diagnosis of both osteoporosis and sarcopenia, both of which are conditions associated with aging . Sarcopenia is currently defined by the European Working Group on…
A geroscience approach for osteosarcopenia: Autophagy and senescence as therapeutic targets
Introduction Modern medicine has managed to increase human lifespan by finding better treatments for diseases that at one time were incurable. Diseases like smallpox, carried by the variola virus, killed…
Inflammation and osteosarcopenia
Acknowledgment This work was supported, in part, by grants from National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States (R01 AI108907, R42AG054322, U54 AG062333, and R21 AG059742), and funding from Irma and…
Osteosarcopenia as a lifetime syndrome: Could it be prevented?
Introduction Osteosarcopenia is an entity relatively unknown to the medical sciences, but an old notion to the body composition analysis studies. In 1989, Zheng and Rosenberg first introduced the term…
Falls and fracture risk assessment—The role of osteoporosis, obesity, and sarcopenia
Introduction As discussed in prior chapters, osteosarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome resulting in falls and fractures as two of its common manifestations. Falls and fractures are consistently among the most…
Biomechanics and mechanobiology of bone and muscle: Current and future musculoskeletal modeling research directions in osteosarcopenia
Background Osteosarcopenia is the concurrent occurrence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia which may be worsen with advancing age . Several clinical or research tools have been developed to identify these two…
Cellular senescence and other aging mechanisms in bone and muscle
Funding This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants P01 AG062413 (J.N.F.), R21 AG065868 (J.N.F), K01 AR070241 (J.N.F.), as well as a High-Risk Pilot Award (J.N.F.) and…
