The Large Bowel
78 The Large Bowel Arnold Wald Anatomy The colon is a large hollow organ derived embryologically from the primitive midgut and hindgut.1 The appendix and transverse and sigmoid colons have…
The Prostate
83 The Prostate William Cross, Stephen Prescott Introduction Prostate gland disorders are extremely common and a frequent reason for medical consultation in older men. The two most prevalent prostate conditions…
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
63 Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System Roman Romero-Ortuno, K. Jane Wilson, Joanna L. Hampton This chapter focuses on the consequences of aging on autonomic cardiovascular control. The neurobiology of…
Endocrinology of Aging
23 Endocrinology of Aging John E. Morley, Alexis McKee Historical Overview The concept that hormones play a role in the aging process originated in the nineteenth century.1 Based on monkey…
Practical Issues in the Care of Frail Older Cardiac Patients
41 Practical Issues in the Care of Frail Older Cardiac Patients George A. Heckman, Kenneth Rockwood Introduction Despite a decline in recent decades in overall cardiovascular mortality in developed countries,…
Valvular Heart Disease
43 Valvular Heart Disease Wilbert S. Aronow Aortic Stenosis Causes and Prevalence Valvular aortic stenosis (AS) in older adults is usually due to stiffening, scarring, and calcification of the aortic…
Geriatric Medicine in Europe
120 Geriatric Medicine in Europe Peter Crome, Joanna Pleming Aging in Europe In common with more developed countries throughout the world, population demographics throughout Europe will change dramatically in the…
Laboratory Diagnosis and Geriatrics
35 Laboratory Diagnosis and Geriatrics More Than Just Reference Intervals for Older Adults Alexander Lapin, Elisabeth Mueller Introduction Radical improvements in health care and general lifestyle have brought about longer…
Impaired Mobility
102 Impaired Mobility Nancy L. Low Choy, Eamonn Eeles, Ruth E. Hubbard Introduction Impaired mobility and balance dysfunction each become more common with aging. Acute changes in each (“off legs,”…
