Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2
ATA risk level RET mutation codon(s) MEN2 subtype Prophylactic thyroidectomy Screening for PHEO Screening for PHPT A 649, 768, 790, 791, 804, 891 FMTC When calcitonin rises/5–10 years age Start at…
Parathyroid Gland Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology
Fig. 5.1 Development of Parathyroid Glands. Superior parathyroid glands originate from fourth pharyngeal pouch and are designated as P-IVs. Their migration path is shorter and final position more reliable than inferior…
Parathyroid Surgery in Children
Fig. 6.1 The location and frequency of ectopic superior (a) and inferior (b) parathyroid glands. The shaded area indicates the embryologic of descent of the parathyroid glands Adenocarcinoma of the parathyroid…
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 and Type 4
Fig. 30.1 MEN syndromes and their associated tumours. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is characterised by the combined occurrence of anterior pituitary, pancreatic islet and parathyroid tumours; MEN type 2A…
Hyperthyroidism
• Graves’ disease (95% of cases) • Thyroiditis – Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis)—transient – Subacute thyroiditis • Autoimmune neonatal thyrotoxicosis (placental passage of maternal thyroid hormone receptor antibodies)—transient •…
Fertility Preservation
Low risk (<20%) Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Wilms’ tumour Soft-tissue sarcoma, stage 1 Germ cell tumours (with gonadal preservation and no radiotherapy) Retinoblastoma Brain tumour: surgery only, cranial irradiation <24 Gy Medium…
Testicular Tumors in Children
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2018Daniel J. Ledbetter and Paul R.V. Johnson (eds.)Endocrine Surgery in Childrenhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54256-9_22 22. Testicular Tumors in Children Yaser El-Hout1 and Darius J. Bägli2 (1) American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO Box: 11-0236, Riad El…
Assessing and Selecting Patients for Bariatric Surgery
Clinical ∙ Comprehensive medial history and physical examination ∙ Anthropometrics: waist circumference, weight, height ∙ Systolic and diastolic blood pressure ∙ Tanner stage (≥4) ∙ Evaluation by pediatric psychologist or…
Diabetes in the Pediatric Surgical Patient
Type 1 (absolute insulin deficiency) A. Autoimmune B. Idiopathic Type 2 (insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency) Genetic disorders of insulin secretion A. Monogenic diabetes B. Mitochondrial diabetes Disorders of…
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours
Tumour Symptoms Insulinoma Confusion, sweating, weakness, unconsciousness, relief of symptoms with eating Gastrinoma Peptic ulceration and diarrea (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, or diarrea alone Glucagonoma Weight loss, diabetes mellitus, diarrea, necrolytic migratory…
