Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen It was not until the 19th century that Billroth, Kocher, Halsted, and others refined the thyroidectomy operation into a standard treatment for thyroid cancer with advancements…
Adrenocortical Cancer
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but often aggressive endocrine malignancy that may present with symptoms of hormone secretion, as a symptomatic nonfunctional abdominal mass, or…
Hürthle Cell Carcinoma
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Hürthle cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of well-differentiated thyroid cancer representing 3% to 4% of all thyroid malignancies.1 First described by Max Askanazy in 1898…
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Historically, practice guidelines and various medical resources have combined follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) as if they were a single entity of…
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome was initially described in 1954 as Wermer’s syndrome. Dr Paul Wermer reported on a syndrome in which adenomatosis…
Parathyroid Carcinoma
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of the parathyroid causing parathyroid hormone (PTH)–dependent hypercalcemia. Diagnosis is difficult so a high level of suspicion must be…
Medullary Thyroid Cancer
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor arising from the calcitonin-producing parafollicular cells, also known as C cells. C cells are derived from neural…
Thyroid Nodules
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Thyroid nodules are a commonly encountered clinical entity. Although the majority of thyroid nodules are benign, the risk of malignancy necessitates a thorough evaluation and workup….
Locally Advanced and Aggressive Thyroid Cancer
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Thyroid cancer is considered to be the most common endocrine malignancy, with estimated new cases exceeding 60,000 in 2013.1 Although most patients who present with thyroid…
Basal Cell Carcinoma
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy afflicting mankind. Sometimes referred to as a rodent ulcer, the tumor was recognized by the Egyptians, Greeks,…
