OVERVIEW Print Section Listen The incidence of esophageal carcinoma in the Western world has increased more than 600% since the 1970s, mainly due to the rising incidence of adenocarcinoma.1 Therapeutic…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The upper gastrointestinal (UGI) system, as addressed within this chapter, is comprised of the esophagus, the stomach, and the small intestine. Anatomically, the cervical esophagus is…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Esophageal resection (esophagectomy) has been a standard surgical treatment option for any resectable esophageal cancer. Esophagectomy is one of the most complex, invasive procedures in the…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Multimodality approaches including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are essential for the treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma.1,2 Surgery has been used for locoregional control and has played…
HISTORY Print Section Listen The beginning of breast conserving therapy (BCT) coincides with the early days of clinical radiotherapy. Geoffrey Keynes, a London surgeon, practiced breast conserving surgery combined with…
BACKGROUND Print Section Listen As our understanding of the biology of breast cancer evolves, we recognize that there are many different types of histologically distinct cancers. Breast cancer is ahead…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen In 2000, the era of genomic medicine in breast cancer was introduced when Perou et al1 identified the “molecular portraits” of breast cancer. By analyzing the…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and it is estimated that one in eight women in the United States will develop breast cancer…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Appropriate axillary staging is a critical component of breast cancer care. In addition to being an important prognostic factor, nodal status and the extent of nodal…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Genetic predisposition accounts for only a fraction of breast cancers, but genetic testing, in the appropriate context, is the most powerful tool available for quantitative risk…
