Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Assessment Serum calcium (> upper limit of normal) 1.0 mg/dL (0.25 mmol/L) Skeletal Bone mineral density: T-score ≤2.5 at lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, or distal 1/3 radius Vertebral…
Parathyroidectomy Outcomes and Pathology in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Fig. 6.1 Parathyroid lipoadenoma with proliferation of parenchymal parathyroid tissue and stromal elements with adipose tissue comprising greater than 50 % of the adenoma. The parenchymal tissue is comprised of…
Parathyroid Hormone Measurement Considerations in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Fig. 5.1 Two-site immunoassay with bridging of two antibodies with antigen (left) and heterophile antibodies bridging the two antibodies (right) independent of the antigen, resulting in an increase in the…
Local Drug Delivery Strategies for Gastric Cancer Treatment
Fig. 15.1 The blood capillary endothelium and the cellular-interstitial matrix are major barriers to efficient drug transport. When compared with the mesothelium, the interstitium and capillary barriers play greater roles…
Adoptive Cell Therapy of Gastric Cancer
Engineered T cells Target antigen Cancer Number of patients treated in trial Results Reference Year reported TCR-T gp100 Melanoma Sixteen One CR and two PR [29] 2009 MART-1/Melan-A Melanoma Thirty-one…
Systemic Drug Delivery in Gastric Cancer
(1) The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum-Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China 14.1 Physiological Drug…
Laparoscopic Surgery and Robotic Surgery
Fig. 6.1 Trocar locations for laparoscopic gastrectomy (b) A monitor is located over the patient’s head, and the surgeon sits between patient’s legs for the procedure. First, the greater omentum…
Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Gastric Cancer
and Baorui Liu1 (1) The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China 9.1 Introduction The…
Drug Delivery in Synergistic Combination with Other Treatments
Fig. 16.1 Various strategies for nanoparticle-based combinational drug delivery systems Recently, a great deal of interest has been focused on the application of combinational therapies in drug delivery systems [5]….
Combinational Immunotherapy of Gastric Cancer
Fig. 12.1 The effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on the tumor microenvironment. A range of chemotherapeutic agents can affect the tumor microenvironment in a variety of ways. Oxaliplatin can induce…
