Physiologic consequence of aging Clinical importance Impact on treatment and care Decreased intrinsic heart rate, maximal heart rate, and response to beta-adrenergic stimuli Reliance on stroke volume increase and ventricular…
Jay A. Yelon and Fred A. Luchette (eds.)Geriatric Trauma and Critical Care201410.1007/978-1-4614-8501-8_5 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 5. Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Healing in the Elderly David G. Greenhalgh1 (1) Department of Surgery, University…
Fig. 19.1 Hormonal control of sexual differentiation By 7 weeks of pregnancy a fetus has a dual system—Wolffian ducts with the potential for the development of a male and Müllerian…
Fig. 33.1 Decision tree for the diagnosis and workup of hypoglycemic disorders Seventy-Two Hour Fast The 72-h fast is prolonged withholding of food and caloric fluids until Whipple’s triad has…
Normal Prediabetes Diabetes Insulin not needed Insulin needed for control Insulin needed for survival Type 1 DM Type 2 DM Other specific types Gestational DM Reproduced…
Age Adrenals Ovaries Others Prenatal/neonatal 46,XX CCAH: Maternal androgenizing tumors Maternal drugs Prepubertal 46,XX NCCAH Adrenal adenomas Adrenal carcinomas Adrenal hyperplasia 11β-HSD1 deficiency Androgen producing tumors (sex cord stromal; gonadoblastoma) …
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Familial hypercalciuric hypercalcemia Hyperparathyroidism—jaw tumor syndrome Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism Adapted from ref. [5]…
Osteogenesis imperfecta symptoms Atypical fractures Short stature Scoliosis Blue sclera Hearing loss Dentinogenesis imperfecta Laxity of the ligaments Wormian bones Laxity of the skin The types of OI can be…
Primary short stature—Skeletal abnormalities With recognizable skeletal dysplasia (achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia) Without recognizable skeletal dysplasia (Turner syndrome, SHOX gene haploinsufficiency) Secondary short stature Malnutrition Psychosocial deprivation Chronic diseases Renal (renal failure,…
Fig. 28.1 The Pedersen Hypothesis. “Maternal hyperglycemia begets foetal macrosomia” Modified by Freinkel to include nutrients other than glucose (lipids and amino acids) Prior diagnostic pathways and nomenclature for diagnosis…
