Fig. 15.1 Schematic showing the link between cellular stress and glycolysis. Stress stimuli trigger the stress signaling pathway such as p38/MAPK resulting in the activation of MAPK-M2 by phosphorylation. MAPK-M2…
Fig. 17.1 Evolution of inflammation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Progression through pre-invasive pan-IN stages to PDAC is associated with loss of cell mediated immunity, decreased numbers of dendritic cells…
Fig. 14.1 Mechanisms of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α regulation under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. VHL von Hippel-Lindau 14.3 The Role of HIF-1 in Tumorigenesis Data from genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to…
Fig. 9.1 The three main signaling pathways of UPR. UPR begins in the ER. GRP78 binds the main stress response proteins, IRE1α, ATF6, and PERK in an inhibitory fashion under…
Fig. 12.1 ER stress and unfolded protein response signaling pathway. Upon accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER, three major ER stress sensors, IRE1, ATF6, and PERK are…
Fig. 8.1 Milestones in senescence research: a timeline 8.1.1 Hallmarks of Cellular Senescence Senescent cells are not characterized by a specific biomarker. Expression of a group of markers defines a…
Fig. 11.1 Available drugs in clinical trials to block the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. All members of the ubiquitin family are generated through a high molecular weight precursor that has to be…
Fig. 13.1 Redox dysregulation in melanomagenesis driven by genetic alterations. Cumulative experimental evidence indicates that melanoma progression (from benign nevi to the metastatic stage of the disease) is modulated by…
Fig. 7.1 Molecular markers of senescence. Pictures showing some examples of senescence molecular markers, including senescence-associated b-galactosidase (SA-bGal) activity; senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy with DAPI staining;…
Fig. 1.1 Pushing cancer cells ‘off the cliff’. Cliff at Dieppe by Claude Monet, 1882 (Adapted from http://www.wikiart.org/en/claude-monet/cliff-at-dieppe; public domain) In this book entitled ‘Stress Response Pathways in Cancer’, leading…
