Immunopathology and Immunotherapy of Myeloid Leukemia
Fig. 5.1 Models of pathogenesis of AML. Three possible scenarios for the development of the LSC are shown. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) or myeloid progenitors (MP) or both populations are…
Role of γδ T Lymphocytes in Cancer Immunosurveillance and Immunotherapy
Species V segment usage Common VγVδ usage V(d) J diversity Day of exportation from the embryonic thymus Distribution Mouse Vγ1 Vγ1Vδ6.3 (liver) High From E18 onward Spleen, liver Vγ4 High…
Photodynamic Therapy and Antitumor Immune Response
Fig. 21.1 PDT induced effects. In tumors, cells loaded with PS upon excitation generate ROS species which leads to predominantly apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths. Tumor cell death is accompanied…
Novel Prognostic Biomarkers for Personalized Cancer Treatment
Fig. 3.1 Biomarkers have to be very prognostic for the specific physiopathological conditions inherent with the pathology. Being the chronicity of inflammation, the base for the genesis and the progression…
Immunotherapies Targeting a Tumor-Associated Antigen, 5T4 Oncofetal Glycoprotein
Fig. 23.1 Structure of 5T4 molecules. Human and mouse 5T4 analyzed by a homology modeling approach using the variable lymphocyte receptor A29 (PDB entry 2o6q) and energy minimized to produce…
Tumor Antigen and Epitope Identification for Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation
Groups of tumor antigens Antigens Cancer type Cancer testis (CT) MAGE1-3 and -6 Melanoma, breast, head/neck HAGE, GAGE, NY – ESO – 1, BAGE, XAGE Bladder, gastric and lung, head/neck,…
Monoclonal Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy
Ag category Examples Expression in cancer Tissue differentiation Ags Mclan-A/MART-1, gp100, tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 Melanoma PSA Prostate carcinoma Prostate-specific membrane Ag (PSMA) Prostate carcinoma MUC-1 Particular adenocarcinomas MUC-16 (CA-125) Mainly…
Polarization of Tumor Milieu: Therapeutic Implications
Fig. 22.1 Simplified scheme of tumor progression. During progression, cancer cells recruit inflammatory cells and “educate” their phenotype (in the case of macrophages, from M1 to M2). The phenotype abbreviated…
New Advances in Radioimmunotherapy for the Treatment of Cancers
Radionuclide T 1/2 (h)a Emissionsb Emax (keV)c Range max in soft tissue (mm)c Usual labeling method Technetium-99 m 6.0 γ 140 Direct labeling or N2S2 or N3S complexes Indium-111 67…
Toll-Like Receptor Pathway and its Targeting in Treatment of Cancers
Cancer type TLRs expressed Basal cell carcinoma TLR7 Breast cancer TLR2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 Brain cancer TLR2 and 4 Colorectal cancer TLR2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and…
