Notch Pathway
(1) Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France Abstract The Notch pathway, as the Wnt–β-catenin pathway, is an important signalling pathway in vertebrate and invertebrate development. It is involved in embryogenesis and…
Hedgehog Pathway
(1) Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France Abstract The Hedgehog pathway is an important signalling pathway for the development of vertebrates and invertebrates. It is involved in embryogenesis and morphogenesis and…
Cytokines Pathway
(1) Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France Abstract An important group of signalling molecules operate through a pathway which is slightly different from that described in Chap. 1: their receptors do…
Wnt Pathway
(1) Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France Abstract The term Wnt was forged by contraction of Win gless-type mouse mammary tumour virus int egration site after the discovery on a viral…
TGFβ Pathway
(1) Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France Abstract Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is the lead of a large family of factors studied in this chapter, which comprise several stricto sensu…
Adrenal Gland Imaging
CT is currently the primary method of imaging the adrenal gland, both for evaluating patients with abnormal adrenal function and for demonstrating adrenal anatomy in patients with incidentally discovered adrenal…
Endocrine Testing
Endocrine-Related Autoantibody Tests Catecholamines Gastrointestinal Hormone–Related Tests Gonad Function Tests Growth and Growth Hormone Tests Hypothalamic-Pituitary Tests Parathyroid/Bone Tests Renal and Fluid-Balance Tests Thyroid Function Tests Genetic Tests Adrenal Dynamic…
Regulation of Intermediatory Metabolism During Fasting and Feeding
Because the major storage form of energy in the body is fat, but the brain and other neural tissues have an obligate need for glucose, the body must have a…
Adrenal Causes of Hypercortisolism
FIGURE 102-1. Age distribution in adrenal Cushing’s syndrome according to etiology, depicted as percentage of patients at different ages: adenoma (-◊-), carcinoma (-•-), PPNAD (…….), and AIMAH (- – –…
Surgery of the Thyroid
FIGURE 95-1. The dramatic case of Maria Richsel, the first patient with postoperative myxedema to have come to Kocher’s attention. A, The child and her younger sister before the operation….
