Controversies in the Surgical Management of Pancreatic Cancer
Stage Description Tumor extent Surgical category IA Tumor is <2 cm and limited to the pancreas Localized Resectable IB Tumor is >2 cm and limited to the pancreas IIA Tumor…
Controversies in the Management of Colon and Rectal Cancer
Risk category Age to begin Recomm. Comment Personal history of <3 adenomas with low-grade dysplasia 5–10 years after the initial polypectomy Colonoscopy Examination interval should be based on other clinical…
Neuroendocrine Tumors: Optimal Outcomes and Surgical Management
Grade Mitotic count (10HPF)a Ki-67 index (%) G1 <2 ≤2 G2 2–20 3–20 G3 >20 >20 a10HPF: high power field-2 mm2, at least 40 fields (at 40× magnification) evaluated in…
of Garcinol from Kokum (Garcinia indica) on the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Fig. 1 Dried kokum plums (amsool) In the following, an overview is presented of the miscellaneous biological activities of garcinol as obtained from preclinical evaluations concerning the treatment and prevention…
Impact of Bioactive Dietary Compounds in Cancer Chemoprevention
Fig. 1 Cross talk of the epigenetic alterations in cancer. The three classes of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA-based mechanisms, cause changes in the…
The Key to Rational Chemoprevention
Cell line Reported IC50 (μM) Concentration (in μg/mL) Citations Cervical HeLa 80 24.18 Priyadarsini et al. (2011) Breast MCF-7 92.4 27.93 Chou et al. (2010) Prostate PC-3 100 30.22 Senthilkumar…
Factors May Influence the Clinical Outcome of Chemotherapy in Cancer Multidrug Resistance
Fig. 1 Mechanisms of MDR towards cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Cancer cells can develop resistance to multiple drugs by various mechanisms as depicted. Mechanisms include (a) decreased uptake of drug, (b)…
Ketogenic Diet as an Adjuvant Therapy for Brain Tumors and Other Cancers
Fig. 1 The KD alters overall gene expression to more closely resemble that seen in normal brain. Total cellular RNA was isolated from the tumor and the non-tumor containing contralateral…
in the Development of Black Seed-Derived Anticancer Agents
Fig. 1 Figure shows a timeline of the various periods (over the last 3000–4000 years) of Black seed use that has led to the discovery of Thymoquinone. The first description…
Role of Chemokine Receptor Signaling Axis and Natural Bioactive Chemopreventive Agents in Metastasis of Breast Cancer
Fig. 1 Schematic overview of CXCR4-SDF-1α-induced intracellular signal transduction pathway and desensitization of activated receptor signaling Since SDF-1α is constitutively expressed, it has been reported that shutting off continuous stimulation…
