PHYSIOLOGY OF BONE
PHYSIOLOGY OF BONE Lawrence G. Raisz Understanding of the physiology of skeletal tissue has advanced remarkably during the past few decades. Studies of the various cell types in bone and…
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS
CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS Part of “CHAPTER 49 – PHYSIOLOGY OF CALCIUM METABOLISM“ The clinical evaluation of normal and abnormal calcium homeostasis requires an accurate assessment of serum calcium…
HORMONAL CONTROL OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS
HORMONAL CONTROL OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS Part of “CHAPTER 49 – PHYSIOLOGY OF CALCIUM METABOLISM“ A complex homeostatic system has evolved that is designed to maintain near constancy of Ca2+o through…
ROLE OF CALCIUM
ROLE OF CALCIUM Part of “CHAPTER 49 – PHYSIOLOGY OF CALCIUM METABOLISM“ Calcium ions (Ca2+) play numerous critical roles in both intra-cellular and extracellular physiology (Table 49-1). Intracellular Ca2+ is…
PHYSIOLOGY OF CALCIUM METABOLISM
PHYSIOLOGY OF CALCIUM METABOLISM Edward M. Brown ROLE OF CALCIUM Related posts: CONTRASEXUAL PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY IDIOPATHIC OR CYCLIC EDEMA ALOPECIA EFFECTS ON BONE MINERAL DENSITY CALCIUM BALANCE DURING PREGNANCY PREVALENCE…
OTHER TYPES OF PARATHYROID PATHOLOGY
OTHER TYPES OF PARATHYROID PATHOLOGY Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM Grossly, in secondary hyperparathyroidism, all four glands are enlarged. Without clinical data, however,…
INTRAOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PARATHYROID PATHOLOGY
INTRAOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PARATHYROID PATHOLOGY Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ FAT STAINS Because prominent, large fat droplets are found in the cytoplasm of normal chief…
PARATHYROID CARCINOMA
PARATHYROID CARCINOMA Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ Parathyroid carcinoma is responsible for <1% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism.1,4,17,22,23 Often, the tumors are larger than adenomas,…
PRIMARY PARATHYROID HYPERPLASIA
PRIMARY PARATHYROID HYPERPLASIA Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ CHIEF CELL HYPERPLASIA Chief cell hyperplasia accounts for ˜15% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.1,4 Significantly, 25% to…
PARATHYROID ADENOMA
PARATHYROID ADENOMA Part of “CHAPTER 48 – MORPHOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS“ The parathyroid adenoma is more frequently located among the lower glands than among the upper ones. Grossly, a…
