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STRUCTURE, SYNTHESIS, AND STORAGE OF GONADOTROPINS Part of “CHAPTER 16 – PITUITARY GONADOTROPINS AND THEIR DISORDERS“ SUBUNIT COMPOSITION The α and β subunit structure of LH and FSH1,2 is similar…

PITUITARY GONADOTROPINS AND THEIR DISORDERS William J. Bremner Ilpo Huhtaniemi John K. Amory The gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), are large glycoproteins secreted from the anterior pituitary…

DISORDERS OF THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE CONTROL Part of “CHAPTER 15 – THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE AND ITS DISORDERS“ DISORDERS CAUSING HYPOTHYROIDISM CENTRAL HYPOTHYROIDISM Central hypothyroidism results from failure of the pituitary to secrete…

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE MEASUREMENT Part of “CHAPTER 15 – THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE AND ITS DISORDERS“ THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE ASSAY The radioimmunoassays initially used for routine clinical measurement of TSH have…

CONTROL OF THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE SECRETION: NEURAL AND HUMORAL MODULATORS Part of “CHAPTER 15 – THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE AND ITS DISORDERS“ NEURAL CONTROL OF THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE SECRETION The thyrotrope secretes TSH in…

THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE STRUCTURE, BIOSYNTHESIS, AND FUNCTION Part of “CHAPTER 15 – THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE AND ITS DISORDERS“ GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONE STRUCTURE Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin) is one of a family of glycoprotein…

MANAGEMENT OF MACROPROLACTINOMAS Part of “CHAPTER 13 – PROLACTIN AND ITS DISORDERS“ Unlike patients with microprolactinomas, those with macropro-lactinomas always require therapy. Patients with macroade-nomas may have evidence of local…